One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected the human population, the virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new animal reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates (N...

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Main Authors: Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza, Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva, Gabriele Barbosa Penha, Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira, Ramon Oliveira-Silva, Iago Alves Celestino, Maria Eduarda Gonçalves-dos-Santos, Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira, Alice dos Santos Nunes Ferreira, Emerson Márcio Gusmão, Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone, Danilo Simonini-Teixeira, Fabrício Souza Campos, Paulo Michel Roehe, Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu, Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/356
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author Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva
Gabriele Barbosa Penha
Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira
Ramon Oliveira-Silva
Iago Alves Celestino
Maria Eduarda Gonçalves-dos-Santos
Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
Alice dos Santos Nunes Ferreira
Emerson Márcio Gusmão
Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone
Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
Fabrício Souza Campos
Paulo Michel Roehe
Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
Mauro Martins Teixeira
Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
author_facet Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva
Gabriele Barbosa Penha
Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira
Ramon Oliveira-Silva
Iago Alves Celestino
Maria Eduarda Gonçalves-dos-Santos
Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
Alice dos Santos Nunes Ferreira
Emerson Márcio Gusmão
Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone
Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
Fabrício Souza Campos
Paulo Michel Roehe
Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
Mauro Martins Teixeira
Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
author_sort Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
collection DOAJ
description Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected the human population, the virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new animal reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates (NHPs) and synanthropic small mammals (SSMs) in the Jequitinhonha Valley and Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between October 2021 and October 2023, 119 animals were sampled, 82 NHPs and 37 SSMs, across 22 municipalities. A total of 342 biological samples—including oral and nasal swabs, lungs, livers, spleens, blood, and feces—were collected and analyzed using RT-qPCR, while 37 serum samples were submitted to neutralization tests. Despite the diversity of sampled species, habitats, and biological materials, no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or specific antibodies was detected in any of the individuals tested. The results suggest that NHPs and SSMs in these regions did not act as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. This finding is particularly relevant given the high synanthropy of species such as <i>Callithrix penicillata</i> (black-tufted marmoset) and <i>Rattus rattus</i> (black rat), which frequently interact with human populations. Our study underscores the importance of integrating animal, human, and environmental health perspectives under a One Health framework to monitor emerging zoonotic threats. By providing baseline data on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in wildlife, we emphasize the need for ongoing ecological and epidemiological surveillance to assess potential spillover events and their implications for biodiversity and public health in Brazil.
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spelling doaj-art-aaaf1a7b321b40d3bc1793263387ad202025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-04-0114435610.3390/pathogens14040356One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, BrazilPedro Augusto Almeida-Souza0Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva1Gabriele Barbosa Penha2Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira3Ramon Oliveira-Silva4Iago Alves Celestino5Maria Eduarda Gonçalves-dos-Santos6Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira7Alice dos Santos Nunes Ferreira8Emerson Márcio Gusmão9Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone10Danilo Simonini-Teixeira11Fabrício Souza Campos12Paulo Michel Roehe13Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira14Mauro Martins Teixeira15Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu16Danilo Bretas de Oliveira17Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 21040-900, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 21040-900, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 21040-900, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 21040-900, MG, BrazilNúcleo de Atendimento e Pesquisa de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 21040-900, MG, BrazilAlthough the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected the human population, the virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new animal reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates (NHPs) and synanthropic small mammals (SSMs) in the Jequitinhonha Valley and Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between October 2021 and October 2023, 119 animals were sampled, 82 NHPs and 37 SSMs, across 22 municipalities. A total of 342 biological samples—including oral and nasal swabs, lungs, livers, spleens, blood, and feces—were collected and analyzed using RT-qPCR, while 37 serum samples were submitted to neutralization tests. Despite the diversity of sampled species, habitats, and biological materials, no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or specific antibodies was detected in any of the individuals tested. The results suggest that NHPs and SSMs in these regions did not act as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. This finding is particularly relevant given the high synanthropy of species such as <i>Callithrix penicillata</i> (black-tufted marmoset) and <i>Rattus rattus</i> (black rat), which frequently interact with human populations. Our study underscores the importance of integrating animal, human, and environmental health perspectives under a One Health framework to monitor emerging zoonotic threats. By providing baseline data on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in wildlife, we emphasize the need for ongoing ecological and epidemiological surveillance to assess potential spillover events and their implications for biodiversity and public health in Brazil.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/356COVID-19RodentiaMarsupialiaPlatyrrhinimolecular surveillanceone health
spellingShingle Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva
Gabriele Barbosa Penha
Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira
Ramon Oliveira-Silva
Iago Alves Celestino
Maria Eduarda Gonçalves-dos-Santos
Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
Alice dos Santos Nunes Ferreira
Emerson Márcio Gusmão
Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone
Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
Fabrício Souza Campos
Paulo Michel Roehe
Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
Mauro Martins Teixeira
Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Pathogens
COVID-19
Rodentia
Marsupialia
Platyrrhini
molecular surveillance
one health
title One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
title_full One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
title_fullStr One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
title_short One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil
title_sort one health surveillance for sars cov 2 in non human primates and small mammals in minas gerais brazil
topic COVID-19
Rodentia
Marsupialia
Platyrrhini
molecular surveillance
one health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/356
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