Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers

Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers

Abstract Background The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes in the long term has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases. Dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes may increase these risks even more due to the combined exposure effects of these products. The aim of this...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shanzina Iasmin Sompa, Jie Ji, Mizanur Rahman, Bengt Sjögren, Swapna Upadhyay, Koustav Ganguly, Anna-Carin Olin, Anna Bergström, Lena Palmberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Respiratory Research
Subjects:
E-cigarettes
Dual use
FeNO
TLR
Cytokines
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03289-4
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03289-4

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