Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks
Accretion and migration usually proceed concurrently for giant planet formation in the natal protoplanetary disks. Recent works indicate that the concurrent accretion onto a giant planet imposes significant impact on the planetary migration dynamics in the isothermal regime. In this work, we carry o...
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| author | Hening Wu Ya-Ping Li |
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| description | Accretion and migration usually proceed concurrently for giant planet formation in the natal protoplanetary disks. Recent works indicate that the concurrent accretion onto a giant planet imposes significant impact on the planetary migration dynamics in the isothermal regime. In this work, we carry out a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with Athena++ to explore the effect of thermodynamics on the concurrent accretion and migration processes of the planets in a self-consistent manner. The thermodynamics effect is modeled with a thermal relaxation timescale using a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-cooling prescription. Our results indicate that radiative cooling has a substantial effect on the accretion and migration processes of the planet. As cooling timescales increase, we observe a slight decrease in the planetary accretion rate, and a transition from the outward migrating into inward migration. This transition occurs approximately when the cooling timescale is comparable to the local dynamical timescale (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), which is closely linked to the asymmetric structures from the circumplanetary disk (CPD) region. The asymmetric structures in the CPD region which appear with an efficient cooling provide a strong positive torque driving the planet migrate outward. However, such a positive torque is strongly suppressed, when the CPD structures tend to disappear with a relatively long cooling timescale (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>≳</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Our findings may also be relevant to the dynamical evolution of accreting stellar-mass objects embedded in disks around active galactic nuclei. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-aa9394c5292d45369846e34e87c214af2025-01-24T13:51:26ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972024-12-01111110.3390/universe11010001Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary DisksHening Wu0Ya-Ping Li1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USAShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, ChinaAccretion and migration usually proceed concurrently for giant planet formation in the natal protoplanetary disks. Recent works indicate that the concurrent accretion onto a giant planet imposes significant impact on the planetary migration dynamics in the isothermal regime. In this work, we carry out a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with Athena++ to explore the effect of thermodynamics on the concurrent accretion and migration processes of the planets in a self-consistent manner. The thermodynamics effect is modeled with a thermal relaxation timescale using a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-cooling prescription. Our results indicate that radiative cooling has a substantial effect on the accretion and migration processes of the planet. As cooling timescales increase, we observe a slight decrease in the planetary accretion rate, and a transition from the outward migrating into inward migration. This transition occurs approximately when the cooling timescale is comparable to the local dynamical timescale (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), which is closely linked to the asymmetric structures from the circumplanetary disk (CPD) region. The asymmetric structures in the CPD region which appear with an efficient cooling provide a strong positive torque driving the planet migrate outward. However, such a positive torque is strongly suppressed, when the CPD structures tend to disappear with a relatively long cooling timescale (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>≳</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Our findings may also be relevant to the dynamical evolution of accreting stellar-mass objects embedded in disks around active galactic nuclei.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/1/1protoplanetary disksplanet-disk interactionsaccretionextrasolar gas giantsblack holes |
| spellingShingle | Hening Wu Ya-Ping Li Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks Universe protoplanetary disks planet-disk interactions accretion extrasolar gas giants black holes |
| title | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_short | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_sort | effects of thermodynamics on the concurrent accretion and migration of gas giants in protoplanetary disks |
| topic | protoplanetary disks planet-disk interactions accretion extrasolar gas giants black holes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/1/1 |
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