How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review

University students are reporting high levels of stress that interfere with their academic performance and daily functioning. In response, higher education institutions have increasingly implemented digital, self-guided stress management resources to provide students with accessible mental health su...

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Main Authors: Laurianne Bastien, Sohyun Cho, Julia Petrovic, Bassam Khoury, Elana Bloom, Nancy Heath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Internet Interventions
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782925000697
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author Laurianne Bastien
Sohyun Cho
Julia Petrovic
Bassam Khoury
Elana Bloom
Nancy Heath
author_facet Laurianne Bastien
Sohyun Cho
Julia Petrovic
Bassam Khoury
Elana Bloom
Nancy Heath
author_sort Laurianne Bastien
collection DOAJ
description University students are reporting high levels of stress that interfere with their academic performance and daily functioning. In response, higher education institutions have increasingly implemented digital, self-guided stress management resources to provide students with accessible mental health support. While these interventions show promise for improving student wellness, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how students use the strategies taught as part of these resources. This systematic review therefore examined if and how adherence (i.e., strategy use) has been measured in the context of digital self-guided stress management interventions, as well as its associations with stress and other wellness outcomes. Of the 40 studies that met eligibility criteria for the present review, 33 measured adherence (82.5 %). Specifically, nine studies measured frequency (27.2 %), eight measured completion rates (24.2 %), two measured duration (6.1 %), 12 used a combination of these approaches (36.4 %), and two (6.1 %) did not specify which approach was used. Surprisingly, although the majority of studies collected data on adherence, the associations between adherence and stress or other wellness outcomes were scarcely examined. Across studies, adherence was measured using digital analytics and/or self-report; however, barriers were identified in using these methods, including technological issues and challenges in measurement accuracy. Quality assessments revealed a moderate risk of bias. Future research should explore different approaches to enhance adherence measurement accuracy and further examine the link between adherence and wellness outcomes to determine the optimal dose of strategy use for enhancing wellness among university students.
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spelling doaj-art-aa8e5e69e29d46d7bb698ae84f17f0872025-08-26T04:14:22ZengElsevierInternet Interventions2214-78292025-09-014110086810.1016/j.invent.2025.100868How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic reviewLaurianne Bastien0Sohyun Cho1Julia Petrovic2Bassam Khoury3Elana Bloom4Nancy Heath5Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y9, Canada; Corresponding author.Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y9, CanadaDepartment of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y9, CanadaDepartment of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y9, CanadaCampus Wellness and Support Services, Concordia University, 1550 Maisonneuve, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, CanadaDepartment of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y9, CanadaUniversity students are reporting high levels of stress that interfere with their academic performance and daily functioning. In response, higher education institutions have increasingly implemented digital, self-guided stress management resources to provide students with accessible mental health support. While these interventions show promise for improving student wellness, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how students use the strategies taught as part of these resources. This systematic review therefore examined if and how adherence (i.e., strategy use) has been measured in the context of digital self-guided stress management interventions, as well as its associations with stress and other wellness outcomes. Of the 40 studies that met eligibility criteria for the present review, 33 measured adherence (82.5 %). Specifically, nine studies measured frequency (27.2 %), eight measured completion rates (24.2 %), two measured duration (6.1 %), 12 used a combination of these approaches (36.4 %), and two (6.1 %) did not specify which approach was used. Surprisingly, although the majority of studies collected data on adherence, the associations between adherence and stress or other wellness outcomes were scarcely examined. Across studies, adherence was measured using digital analytics and/or self-report; however, barriers were identified in using these methods, including technological issues and challenges in measurement accuracy. Quality assessments revealed a moderate risk of bias. Future research should explore different approaches to enhance adherence measurement accuracy and further examine the link between adherence and wellness outcomes to determine the optimal dose of strategy use for enhancing wellness among university students.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782925000697Systematic reviewStress managementAdherenceSelf-guidedStrategy use
spellingShingle Laurianne Bastien
Sohyun Cho
Julia Petrovic
Bassam Khoury
Elana Bloom
Nancy Heath
How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
Internet Interventions
Systematic review
Stress management
Adherence
Self-guided
Strategy use
title How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
title_full How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
title_fullStr How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
title_short How do we know that they actually use it? Exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students: A systematic review
title_sort how do we know that they actually use it exploring measures of adherence to stress management strategies in university students a systematic review
topic Systematic review
Stress management
Adherence
Self-guided
Strategy use
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782925000697
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