Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)

Six horizontal borehole tensor strainmeters (TSM1-6) installed from Fall 2021 to Spring 2022 comprise the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (STAR), providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate seismic and aseismic deformation from hazardous high- and low-angle normal f...

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Main Authors: Catherine Hanagan, Eugenio Mandler, Rick Bennett, Lauro Chiaraluce, Mike Gottlieb, Adriano Gualandi, Amanda Hughes, Wade Johnson, Dave Mencin, Simone Marzorati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: McGill University 2025-06-01
Series:Seismica
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Online Access:https://seismica.library.mcgill.ca/article/view/1471
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author Catherine Hanagan
Eugenio Mandler
Rick Bennett
Lauro Chiaraluce
Mike Gottlieb
Adriano Gualandi
Amanda Hughes
Wade Johnson
Dave Mencin
Simone Marzorati
author_facet Catherine Hanagan
Eugenio Mandler
Rick Bennett
Lauro Chiaraluce
Mike Gottlieb
Adriano Gualandi
Amanda Hughes
Wade Johnson
Dave Mencin
Simone Marzorati
author_sort Catherine Hanagan
collection DOAJ
description Six horizontal borehole tensor strainmeters (TSM1-6) installed from Fall 2021 to Spring 2022 comprise the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (STAR), providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate seismic and aseismic deformation from hazardous high- and low-angle normal faults in Italy. Prior to use in tectonic applications, they require in-situ calibration and correction for non-tectonic signals. We tidally calibrate the instruments, characterize the calibration uncertainty, and test the results against environmental and earthquake signals originating from local to teleseismic distances. The STAR sites demonstrably deviate from assumptions common to the standard manufacturer's calibrations, including negative areal coupling at TSM3-6. While the tidally calibrated strains have ~3-56% uncertainty, the calibrated dynamic strains show interstation precision and accuracy to nanostrain levels, and static coseismic offsets in the array footprint are within uncertainty. TSM3 records a complex series of strains that may arise from dynamically triggered near-borehole fracture slip and fluid flow that does not appear to affect its sensitivity to lower strain rate deformation. Future calibration improvement may be afforded with longer stable timeseries, particularly for TSM4. Overall, our analyses demonstrate expanded geodetic capability for detecting deformation in the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory.
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spelling doaj-art-aa6cc3233ddc4a85bee3c850223489042025-08-20T02:19:31ZengMcGill UniversitySeismica2816-93872025-06-014110.26443/seismica.v4i1.1471Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)Catherine Hanagan0Eugenio Mandler1Rick Bennett2Lauro Chiaraluce3Mike Gottlieb4Adriano Gualandi5Amanda Hughes6Wade Johnson7Dave Mencin8Simone Marzorati9USGS Earthquake Science CenterIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, ItalyNOAA National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, USAIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, ItalyThe EarthScope Consortium, USA Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USAThe EarthScope Consortium, USAThe EarthScope Consortium, USA Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy Six horizontal borehole tensor strainmeters (TSM1-6) installed from Fall 2021 to Spring 2022 comprise the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (STAR), providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate seismic and aseismic deformation from hazardous high- and low-angle normal faults in Italy. Prior to use in tectonic applications, they require in-situ calibration and correction for non-tectonic signals. We tidally calibrate the instruments, characterize the calibration uncertainty, and test the results against environmental and earthquake signals originating from local to teleseismic distances. The STAR sites demonstrably deviate from assumptions common to the standard manufacturer's calibrations, including negative areal coupling at TSM3-6. While the tidally calibrated strains have ~3-56% uncertainty, the calibrated dynamic strains show interstation precision and accuracy to nanostrain levels, and static coseismic offsets in the array footprint are within uncertainty. TSM3 records a complex series of strains that may arise from dynamically triggered near-borehole fracture slip and fluid flow that does not appear to affect its sensitivity to lower strain rate deformation. Future calibration improvement may be afforded with longer stable timeseries, particularly for TSM4. Overall, our analyses demonstrate expanded geodetic capability for detecting deformation in the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory. https://seismica.library.mcgill.ca/article/view/1471Borehole StrainmetersNear-Fault ObservatoryEarthquakesStrainCalibration
spellingShingle Catherine Hanagan
Eugenio Mandler
Rick Bennett
Lauro Chiaraluce
Mike Gottlieb
Adriano Gualandi
Amanda Hughes
Wade Johnson
Dave Mencin
Simone Marzorati
Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
Seismica
Borehole Strainmeters
Near-Fault Observatory
Earthquakes
Strain
Calibration
title Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
title_full Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
title_fullStr Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
title_short Characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory Strainmeter Array (TABOO-NFO-STAR)
title_sort characterization and validation of tidally calibrated strains from the alto tiberina near fault observatory strainmeter array taboo nfo star
topic Borehole Strainmeters
Near-Fault Observatory
Earthquakes
Strain
Calibration
url https://seismica.library.mcgill.ca/article/view/1471
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