Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock

Abstract This study aims to predict and diagnose pediatric septic shock through the screening of immune infiltration-related biomarkers. Three gene expression datasets were accessible from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. The differentially expressed genes were identified using the R 4.3.2 (...

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Main Authors: Peng Lyu, Na Xie, Xu-peng Shao, Shuai Xing, Xiao-yue Wang, Li-yun Duan, Xue Zhao, Jia-min Lu, Rong-fei Liu, Duo Zhang, Wei Lu, Kai-liang Fan
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95028-4
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author Peng Lyu
Na Xie
Xu-peng Shao
Shuai Xing
Xiao-yue Wang
Li-yun Duan
Xue Zhao
Jia-min Lu
Rong-fei Liu
Duo Zhang
Wei Lu
Kai-liang Fan
author_facet Peng Lyu
Na Xie
Xu-peng Shao
Shuai Xing
Xiao-yue Wang
Li-yun Duan
Xue Zhao
Jia-min Lu
Rong-fei Liu
Duo Zhang
Wei Lu
Kai-liang Fan
author_sort Peng Lyu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study aims to predict and diagnose pediatric septic shock through the screening of immune infiltration-related biomarkers. Three gene expression datasets were accessible from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. The differentially expressed genes were identified using the R 4.3.2 ( https://www.r-project.org/ ), followed by gene set enrichment analysis. Thereafter, the genes were identified utilizing machine-learning algorithms. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to assess the discrimination and effectiveness of the hub genes. The inflammatory and immune status of pediatric septic shock was evaluated through cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT). The correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was further examined. Overall, we detected 12 differentially expressed genes. CD177, MCEMP1, MMP8, and OLAH were examined as diagnostic indicators for pediatric septic shock, revealing statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) and diagnostic efficacy in the validation cohort. The immune cell infiltration analysis suggests that various immune cells may contribute to the onset of pediatric septic shock. Furthermore, all diagnostic characteristics may exhibit varying degrees of correlation with immune cells. This study identifies four potential biomarkers—CD177, MCEMP1, MMP8, and OLAH—that provide diagnostic value and novel insights into immune dysregulation in pediatric septic shock. Through the integration of bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies, we offer a novel perspective on the immune mechanisms involved in pediatric septic shock, potentially facilitating more targeted and personalized therapies for individual patients.
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spelling doaj-art-aa5fc1701e504ddd8fe334dd4eb9b3a22025-08-20T02:10:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-95028-4Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shockPeng Lyu0Na Xie1Xu-peng Shao2Shuai Xing3Xiao-yue Wang4Li-yun Duan5Xue Zhao6Jia-min Lu7Rong-fei Liu8Duo Zhang9Wei Lu10Kai-liang Fan11Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFirst Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFirst Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFirst Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFirst Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFirst Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineAbstract This study aims to predict and diagnose pediatric septic shock through the screening of immune infiltration-related biomarkers. Three gene expression datasets were accessible from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. The differentially expressed genes were identified using the R 4.3.2 ( https://www.r-project.org/ ), followed by gene set enrichment analysis. Thereafter, the genes were identified utilizing machine-learning algorithms. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to assess the discrimination and effectiveness of the hub genes. The inflammatory and immune status of pediatric septic shock was evaluated through cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT). The correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was further examined. Overall, we detected 12 differentially expressed genes. CD177, MCEMP1, MMP8, and OLAH were examined as diagnostic indicators for pediatric septic shock, revealing statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) and diagnostic efficacy in the validation cohort. The immune cell infiltration analysis suggests that various immune cells may contribute to the onset of pediatric septic shock. Furthermore, all diagnostic characteristics may exhibit varying degrees of correlation with immune cells. This study identifies four potential biomarkers—CD177, MCEMP1, MMP8, and OLAH—that provide diagnostic value and novel insights into immune dysregulation in pediatric septic shock. Through the integration of bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies, we offer a novel perspective on the immune mechanisms involved in pediatric septic shock, potentially facilitating more targeted and personalized therapies for individual patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95028-4Pediatric septic shockBioinformaticsMachine-LearningBiomarkersImmune cell infiltration
spellingShingle Peng Lyu
Na Xie
Xu-peng Shao
Shuai Xing
Xiao-yue Wang
Li-yun Duan
Xue Zhao
Jia-min Lu
Rong-fei Liu
Duo Zhang
Wei Lu
Kai-liang Fan
Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
Scientific Reports
Pediatric septic shock
Bioinformatics
Machine-Learning
Biomarkers
Immune cell infiltration
title Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
title_full Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
title_fullStr Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
title_full_unstemmed Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
title_short Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
title_sort integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for comprehensive analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric septic shock
topic Pediatric septic shock
Bioinformatics
Machine-Learning
Biomarkers
Immune cell infiltration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95028-4
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