Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress

Abstract Background Iron (Fe) is indispensable to plants, playing a significant role in life activities such as respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transport. The decrease in pH caused by iron deficiency is related to the activation of H+-ATPase in the root plasma memb...

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Main Authors: Aiyuan Wu, Yanmei Li, Shangwen Yang, Peng Chen, Juan Mao, Baihong Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06501-1
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author Aiyuan Wu
Yanmei Li
Shangwen Yang
Peng Chen
Juan Mao
Baihong Chen
author_facet Aiyuan Wu
Yanmei Li
Shangwen Yang
Peng Chen
Juan Mao
Baihong Chen
author_sort Aiyuan Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Iron (Fe) is indispensable to plants, playing a significant role in life activities such as respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transport. The decrease in pH caused by iron deficiency is related to the activation of H+-ATPase in the root plasma membrane, although the reaction mechanism of this enzyme is not well understood in apples. The H + -ATPase (HA) gene family has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis but is rarely reported in other species. Results In this study, 14 HA genes were identified from the apple genome database through whole genome analysis. These apple H + -ATPase (MdHAs) genes were classified into four subsets (I, II, IV, V) based on phylogenetic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these genes exhibited diversity in gene structure, chromosomal distribution, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that iron deficiency stress significantly induced the upregulation of nine MdHA genes (MdHA5-MdHA14). Furthermore, in the roots of iron deficiency-resistant rootstock variety QZ1 compared to the non-resistant variety QZ2, the expression levels of nine genes (including MdHA1, MdHA6-MdHA13) in QZ2 were significantly lower than those in QZ1. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of HA gene family. Conclusions These findings suggest that the HA gene family is involved in the apple's response to iron deficiency. This study not only lays the groundwork for future research but also highlights the role of MdHAs in iron stress tolerance.
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spelling doaj-art-aa59ad63ec384cc882a535aa079a3f9f2025-08-20T03:10:06ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-04-0125111810.1186/s12870-025-06501-1Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stressAiyuan Wu0Yanmei Li1Shangwen Yang2Peng Chen3Juan Mao4Baihong Chen5College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityFruit Industry Service CenterCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Iron (Fe) is indispensable to plants, playing a significant role in life activities such as respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transport. The decrease in pH caused by iron deficiency is related to the activation of H+-ATPase in the root plasma membrane, although the reaction mechanism of this enzyme is not well understood in apples. The H + -ATPase (HA) gene family has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis but is rarely reported in other species. Results In this study, 14 HA genes were identified from the apple genome database through whole genome analysis. These apple H + -ATPase (MdHAs) genes were classified into four subsets (I, II, IV, V) based on phylogenetic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these genes exhibited diversity in gene structure, chromosomal distribution, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that iron deficiency stress significantly induced the upregulation of nine MdHA genes (MdHA5-MdHA14). Furthermore, in the roots of iron deficiency-resistant rootstock variety QZ1 compared to the non-resistant variety QZ2, the expression levels of nine genes (including MdHA1, MdHA6-MdHA13) in QZ2 were significantly lower than those in QZ1. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of HA gene family. Conclusions These findings suggest that the HA gene family is involved in the apple's response to iron deficiency. This study not only lays the groundwork for future research but also highlights the role of MdHAs in iron stress tolerance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06501-1AppleH + -ATPase gene familyIron deficiency stressGenome - wide identification
spellingShingle Aiyuan Wu
Yanmei Li
Shangwen Yang
Peng Chen
Juan Mao
Baihong Chen
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
BMC Plant Biology
Apple
H + -ATPase gene family
Iron deficiency stress
Genome - wide identification
title Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
title_full Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
title_fullStr Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
title_short Genome-wide identification and analysis of the apple H + -ATPase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
title_sort genome wide identification and analysis of the apple h atpase gene family and its expression against iron deficiency stress
topic Apple
H + -ATPase gene family
Iron deficiency stress
Genome - wide identification
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06501-1
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