Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid

Abstract Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore...

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Main Authors: Valentin C. Steinacker, Jan Weichhold, Tobias Renner, Sebastian Gubik, Andreas Vollmer, Niko Breitenbücher, Andreas Fuchs, Anton Straub, Stefan Hartmann, Alexander C. Kübler, Uwe Gbureck
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-06-01
Series:Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y
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author Valentin C. Steinacker
Jan Weichhold
Tobias Renner
Sebastian Gubik
Andreas Vollmer
Niko Breitenbücher
Andreas Fuchs
Anton Straub
Stefan Hartmann
Alexander C. Kübler
Uwe Gbureck
author_facet Valentin C. Steinacker
Jan Weichhold
Tobias Renner
Sebastian Gubik
Andreas Vollmer
Niko Breitenbücher
Andreas Fuchs
Anton Straub
Stefan Hartmann
Alexander C. Kübler
Uwe Gbureck
author_sort Valentin C. Steinacker
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore alternative options for better processing. In recent years, the setting retarder phytic acid (IP6) has been increasingly investigated. This study investigates the biological behaviour of calcium phosphate cements with varying concentrations of IP6, in addition to their physical properties. Therefore cytocompatibility in vitro testing was performed using osteoblastic (MG-63) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7 differentiated with RANKL) cells. We could demonstrate that the physical properties like the compressive strength of specimens formed with IP6 (brushite_IP6_5 = 11.2 MPa) were improved compared to the reference (brushite = 9.8 MPa). In osteoblast and osteoclast assays, IP6 exhibited significantly better cytocompatibility in terms of cell activity and cell number for brushite cements up to 11 times compared to the brushite reference. In contrast, the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) cements produced similar results for IP6 (CDHA_IP6_0.25 = 27.0 MPa) when compared to their reference (CDHA = 21.2 MPa). Interestingly, lower doses of IP6 were found to be more effective than higher doses with up to 3 times higher. Additionally, IP6 significantly increased degradation in both passive and active resorption. For these reasons, IP6 is emerging as a strong new competitor to established setting retarders such as citric acid. These cements have potential applications in bone augmentation, the stabilisation of non-load bearing fractures (craniofacial), or the cementation of metal implants. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-aa4cb0d01b1049b7bbfbe362e91278982025-08-20T02:40:21ZengSpringerJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine1573-48382024-06-0135111210.1007/s10856-024-06805-yBiological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acidValentin C. Steinacker0Jan Weichhold1Tobias Renner2Sebastian Gubik3Andreas Vollmer4Niko Breitenbücher5Andreas Fuchs6Anton Straub7Stefan Hartmann8Alexander C. Kübler9Uwe Gbureck10Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital WürzburgDepartment for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital WürzburgAbstract Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore alternative options for better processing. In recent years, the setting retarder phytic acid (IP6) has been increasingly investigated. This study investigates the biological behaviour of calcium phosphate cements with varying concentrations of IP6, in addition to their physical properties. Therefore cytocompatibility in vitro testing was performed using osteoblastic (MG-63) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7 differentiated with RANKL) cells. We could demonstrate that the physical properties like the compressive strength of specimens formed with IP6 (brushite_IP6_5 = 11.2 MPa) were improved compared to the reference (brushite = 9.8 MPa). In osteoblast and osteoclast assays, IP6 exhibited significantly better cytocompatibility in terms of cell activity and cell number for brushite cements up to 11 times compared to the brushite reference. In contrast, the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) cements produced similar results for IP6 (CDHA_IP6_0.25 = 27.0 MPa) when compared to their reference (CDHA = 21.2 MPa). Interestingly, lower doses of IP6 were found to be more effective than higher doses with up to 3 times higher. Additionally, IP6 significantly increased degradation in both passive and active resorption. For these reasons, IP6 is emerging as a strong new competitor to established setting retarders such as citric acid. These cements have potential applications in bone augmentation, the stabilisation of non-load bearing fractures (craniofacial), or the cementation of metal implants. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y
spellingShingle Valentin C. Steinacker
Jan Weichhold
Tobias Renner
Sebastian Gubik
Andreas Vollmer
Niko Breitenbücher
Andreas Fuchs
Anton Straub
Stefan Hartmann
Alexander C. Kübler
Uwe Gbureck
Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
title Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
title_full Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
title_fullStr Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
title_full_unstemmed Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
title_short Biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
title_sort biological and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate cements modified with phytic acid
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y
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