Highly Dense TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanorods as Potential Electrode Material for Electrochemical Detection of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Medium
This study describes the direct deposition of extremely dense TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods (NRs) on an ITO substrate for the improved detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs). A facile hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs on the ITO substrate at ~130 °C....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/3/275 |
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| Summary: | This study describes the direct deposition of extremely dense TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods (NRs) on an ITO substrate for the improved detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs). A facile hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs on the ITO substrate at ~130 °C. Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs were analyzed for morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties. As an electrode material, TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs were used for the simultaneous detection of three HMIs (i.e., Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Hg<sup>2+</sup>), which showed a remarkably high sensitivity of ~92.2 µA.mM<sup>−1</sup>.cm<sup>−2</sup> for the Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion. Relatively low sensitivities of ~15.6 µA.mM<sup>−1</sup>.cm<sup>−2</sup> and ~19.67 µA.mM<sup>−1</sup>.cm<sup>−2</sup> were recorded for the Cr<sup>3+</sup> and Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions, respectively. The fabricated TiO<sub>2</sub> NR-based HMI sensor showed an effective dynamic linear detection range with low LOD values of ~21.7 mM, 37 mM, and ~ 28.5 mM for Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Hg<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. The TiO<sub>2</sub> NR-based HMI sensor exhibited efficient charge transfer over the electrode toward the trace detection of Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Moreover, the reliability of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NR-based HMI sensor was assessed, which exhibited a promising stability of 30 days. The obtained results indicate that TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs grown on an ITO substrate are a promising electrode material for detecting hazardous Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Hg<sup>2+</sup> and might eventually be commercialized in the near future. |
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| ISSN: | 2072-666X |