<i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities

<i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> (L.) DC (Brassicaceae) is an edible plant commonly used in Mediterranean diets. This study investigates its nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity. The results show that this plant is rich in fibre and essential minerals. Analys...

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Main Authors: Sandrine Ressurreição, Lígia Salgueiro, Artur Figueirinha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/844
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author Sandrine Ressurreição
Lígia Salgueiro
Artur Figueirinha
author_facet Sandrine Ressurreição
Lígia Salgueiro
Artur Figueirinha
author_sort Sandrine Ressurreição
collection DOAJ
description <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> (L.) DC (Brassicaceae) is an edible plant commonly used in Mediterranean diets. This study investigates its nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity. The results show that this plant is rich in fibre and essential minerals. Analysis of amino acids shows a diverse profile, with glutamic acid and aspartic acid being the most abundant. Regarding fatty acids, α-linolenic acid was identified as predominant. Importantly, levels of toxic metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury were found to be within established safety limits, confirming the plant’s suitability for consumption. A leaf decoction using 80% methanol exhibited the highest concentrations of total phenolic compounds (68.36 mg eq. gallic acid g<sup>−1</sup>), total flavonoids (3.50 mg eq. quercetin g<sup>−1</sup>), and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ of 78.87 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for ABTS, 392.95 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for DPPH, and a FRAP value of 731.20 µmol Fe(II) g<sup>−1</sup>). HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSⁿ characterization identified flavonols as the main polyphenols. Additionally, several glucosinolates were identified. These compounds, along with their hydrolysis products, not only contribute to the health benefits of <i>D. muralis</i>, but also impart its distinctive pungent and spicy notes, playing a crucial role in shaping its unique sensory profile. These findings highlight the contribution of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates to the health benefits of <i>D. muralis</i>, reinforcing its potential as a promising plant for the development of new functional foods.
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spelling doaj-art-aa4a3aff1f1b42a0b969ff02ebfc70ae2025-08-20T03:43:31ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114684410.3390/plants14060844<i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant ActivitiesSandrine Ressurreição0Lígia Salgueiro1Artur Figueirinha2University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalUniversity of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalUniversity of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal<i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> (L.) DC (Brassicaceae) is an edible plant commonly used in Mediterranean diets. This study investigates its nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity. The results show that this plant is rich in fibre and essential minerals. Analysis of amino acids shows a diverse profile, with glutamic acid and aspartic acid being the most abundant. Regarding fatty acids, α-linolenic acid was identified as predominant. Importantly, levels of toxic metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury were found to be within established safety limits, confirming the plant’s suitability for consumption. A leaf decoction using 80% methanol exhibited the highest concentrations of total phenolic compounds (68.36 mg eq. gallic acid g<sup>−1</sup>), total flavonoids (3.50 mg eq. quercetin g<sup>−1</sup>), and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ of 78.87 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for ABTS, 392.95 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for DPPH, and a FRAP value of 731.20 µmol Fe(II) g<sup>−1</sup>). HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSⁿ characterization identified flavonols as the main polyphenols. Additionally, several glucosinolates were identified. These compounds, along with their hydrolysis products, not only contribute to the health benefits of <i>D. muralis</i>, but also impart its distinctive pungent and spicy notes, playing a crucial role in shaping its unique sensory profile. These findings highlight the contribution of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates to the health benefits of <i>D. muralis</i>, reinforcing its potential as a promising plant for the development of new functional foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/844natural resourcesnutritional potentialhealth benefitssecondary metabolitesbioactivities
spellingShingle Sandrine Ressurreição
Lígia Salgueiro
Artur Figueirinha
<i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
Plants
natural resources
nutritional potential
health benefits
secondary metabolites
bioactivities
title <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
title_full <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
title_fullStr <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
title_full_unstemmed <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
title_short <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> as an Emerging Food Crop: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Activities
title_sort i diplotaxis muralis i as an emerging food crop chemical composition nutritional profile and antioxidant activities
topic natural resources
nutritional potential
health benefits
secondary metabolites
bioactivities
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/844
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