Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients remain at significant risk of heart failure (HF) despite successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion, imposing a considerable public health burden. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, fun...

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Main Authors: Panting Wei, Jingjin Hou, Ruijiao Yu, Kun Na, Jiaqi He, Xiaojie Zhao, Ziqi Liu, Yan Xu, Yi Li, Chenghui Yan, Haibo Yu, Yaling Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Lipids in Health and Disease
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02649-9
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author Panting Wei
Jingjin Hou
Ruijiao Yu
Kun Na
Jiaqi He
Xiaojie Zhao
Ziqi Liu
Yan Xu
Yi Li
Chenghui Yan
Haibo Yu
Yaling Han
author_facet Panting Wei
Jingjin Hou
Ruijiao Yu
Kun Na
Jiaqi He
Xiaojie Zhao
Ziqi Liu
Yan Xu
Yi Li
Chenghui Yan
Haibo Yu
Yaling Han
author_sort Panting Wei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients remain at significant risk of heart failure (HF) despite successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion, imposing a considerable public health burden. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, functions as a notable biomarker of cardiac pathology, yet it is frequently often overlooked in clinical practice. This study focused on establishing a nomogram incorporating LDH levels to assess the probability of HF occurring within one year following PCI in individuals who have previously experienced STEMI. Methods 527 patients diagnosed with STEMI were initially included in this study. After excluding 71 patients with ejection fractions < 40% and other cardiovascular diseases, the final cohort of 456 patients with STEMI was recruited and randomly assigned to the training and validation sets. To identify potential risk factors linked to HF, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted, leading to the development of a predictive nomogram. Model performance in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results Patients with STEMI who developed HF within one year exhibited higher LDH levels within 24 hours post-PCI. A nomogram model was constructed that included alcohol drinking, left anterior descending artery involvement, and creatine kinase-MB, log N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, and LDH levels. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.7807–0.8805), and the DCA demonstrated that the model offered a considerable net benefit when the threshold probability varied between 1% and 97% within the training dataset. Additionally, LDH demonstrated excellent predictive capability for HF, with an AUC of 0.756 (95% CI: 0.706–0.806). It showed even better performance for HF with a reduced ejection fraction, with an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI: 0.7705–0.9249). Conclusions LDH independently predicts the development of HF within one year of PCI in patients with STEMI. The LDH-based nomogram demonstrated a robust predictive capability. It enables early identification and timely intervention in STEMI patients at an elevated risk of HF, which is crucial for reducing HF incidence and alleviating the associated healthcare burden.
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spelling doaj-art-aa40da3ca09940b7bab9a12bb52a02cf2025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2025-07-0124111410.1186/s12944-025-02649-9Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary interventionPanting Wei0Jingjin Hou1Ruijiao Yu2Kun Na3Jiaqi He4Xiaojie Zhao5Ziqi Liu6Yan Xu7Yi Li8Chenghui Yan9Haibo Yu10Yaling Han11State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandState Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandAbstract Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients remain at significant risk of heart failure (HF) despite successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion, imposing a considerable public health burden. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, functions as a notable biomarker of cardiac pathology, yet it is frequently often overlooked in clinical practice. This study focused on establishing a nomogram incorporating LDH levels to assess the probability of HF occurring within one year following PCI in individuals who have previously experienced STEMI. Methods 527 patients diagnosed with STEMI were initially included in this study. After excluding 71 patients with ejection fractions < 40% and other cardiovascular diseases, the final cohort of 456 patients with STEMI was recruited and randomly assigned to the training and validation sets. To identify potential risk factors linked to HF, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted, leading to the development of a predictive nomogram. Model performance in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results Patients with STEMI who developed HF within one year exhibited higher LDH levels within 24 hours post-PCI. A nomogram model was constructed that included alcohol drinking, left anterior descending artery involvement, and creatine kinase-MB, log N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, and LDH levels. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.7807–0.8805), and the DCA demonstrated that the model offered a considerable net benefit when the threshold probability varied between 1% and 97% within the training dataset. Additionally, LDH demonstrated excellent predictive capability for HF, with an AUC of 0.756 (95% CI: 0.706–0.806). It showed even better performance for HF with a reduced ejection fraction, with an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI: 0.7705–0.9249). Conclusions LDH independently predicts the development of HF within one year of PCI in patients with STEMI. The LDH-based nomogram demonstrated a robust predictive capability. It enables early identification and timely intervention in STEMI patients at an elevated risk of HF, which is crucial for reducing HF incidence and alleviating the associated healthcare burden.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02649-9Lactate dehydrogenaseST-Elevation myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionHeart failureNomograms
spellingShingle Panting Wei
Jingjin Hou
Ruijiao Yu
Kun Na
Jiaqi He
Xiaojie Zhao
Ziqi Liu
Yan Xu
Yi Li
Chenghui Yan
Haibo Yu
Yaling Han
Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Lipids in Health and Disease
Lactate dehydrogenase
ST-Elevation myocardial infarction
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Heart failure
Nomograms
title Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
title_full Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
title_fullStr Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
title_short Development and validation of an LDH-focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
title_sort development and validation of an ldh focused nomogram for the early prediction of heart failure in patients with acute st elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
topic Lactate dehydrogenase
ST-Elevation myocardial infarction
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Heart failure
Nomograms
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02649-9
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