Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae complex. Although the diagnosis of this disease is clinical, additional tests are often needed. One of the most common tests is intradermal smear bacilloscopy, which detects the patient's bacillary load. However, bacilloscopy i...

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Main Authors: Paulo Cezar de Moraes, Maria Lúcia Scroferneker, Alessandra Koehler, Letícia Maria Eidt, Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani, Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100025000377
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author Paulo Cezar de Moraes
Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
Alessandra Koehler
Letícia Maria Eidt
Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani
Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
author_facet Paulo Cezar de Moraes
Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
Alessandra Koehler
Letícia Maria Eidt
Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani
Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
author_sort Paulo Cezar de Moraes
collection DOAJ
description Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae complex. Although the diagnosis of this disease is clinical, additional tests are often needed. One of the most common tests is intradermal smear bacilloscopy, which detects the patient's bacillary load. However, bacilloscopy is an invasive test and its results are subjective. The aim of this study was to propose a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients. A total of 88 saliva samples were included, and the bacilloscopic index of the patients was previously defined by intradermal smear bacilloscopy. The saliva samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR; a supervised analysis with partial least squares regression (PLS), after orthogonal signal correction (OSC), was used to predict the bacilloscopic index. The PLS model with three latent variables and one OSC component obtained a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9999 in both the calibration and prediction sets. The model was able to predict the bacilloscopic indexes with a minimum error, demonstrating its robustness. Thus, modeling with ATR/FTIR and multivariate calibration using one OSC component showed high accuracy and reproducibility, overcoming the limitations of intradermal smear bacilloscopy and proving to be a promising method in the clinical management of patients with leprosy.
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spelling doaj-art-aa366388ee29448ca615a2fe80fa7c202025-08-20T03:11:47ZengElsevierPhotodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy1572-10002025-04-015210450710.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104507Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patientsPaulo Cezar de Moraes0Maria Lúcia Scroferneker1Alessandra Koehler2Letícia Maria Eidt3Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani4Valeriano Antonio Corbellini5Department of Sanitary Dermatology, Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida João Pessoa, 1327 CEP 90040-001 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP: 90050-170, Porto Alegre RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre RS, BrazilDepartment of Sanitary Dermatology, Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida João Pessoa, 1327 CEP 90040-001 Porto Alegre RS, BrazilDepartment of Sanitary Dermatology, Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida João Pessoa, 1327 CEP 90040-001 Porto Alegre RS, BrazilDepartment of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Postgraduate Program of Health Promotion, Postgraduate Program of Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul – UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, CEP: 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul RS, Brazil; Corresponding author at: Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Department of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Avenida Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul RS, Brazil.Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae complex. Although the diagnosis of this disease is clinical, additional tests are often needed. One of the most common tests is intradermal smear bacilloscopy, which detects the patient's bacillary load. However, bacilloscopy is an invasive test and its results are subjective. The aim of this study was to propose a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients. A total of 88 saliva samples were included, and the bacilloscopic index of the patients was previously defined by intradermal smear bacilloscopy. The saliva samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR; a supervised analysis with partial least squares regression (PLS), after orthogonal signal correction (OSC), was used to predict the bacilloscopic index. The PLS model with three latent variables and one OSC component obtained a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9999 in both the calibration and prediction sets. The model was able to predict the bacilloscopic indexes with a minimum error, demonstrating its robustness. Thus, modeling with ATR/FTIR and multivariate calibration using one OSC component showed high accuracy and reproducibility, overcoming the limitations of intradermal smear bacilloscopy and proving to be a promising method in the clinical management of patients with leprosy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100025000377LeprosyBacilloscopyBacilloscopic indexInfrared spectroscopy
spellingShingle Paulo Cezar de Moraes
Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
Alessandra Koehler
Letícia Maria Eidt
Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani
Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Leprosy
Bacilloscopy
Bacilloscopic index
Infrared spectroscopy
title Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
title_full Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
title_fullStr Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
title_full_unstemmed Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
title_short Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
title_sort use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients
topic Leprosy
Bacilloscopy
Bacilloscopic index
Infrared spectroscopy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100025000377
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