Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions

Perennial wall rocket (<i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> L.—DC.) exhibits genotype-dependent responses to biostimulant applications, which have not yet been deeply investigated. A two-year greenhouse factorial experiment was carried out to assess the interactions between five cultivars (Mars,...

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Main Authors: Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita, Rachael Simister, Lorenzo Vecchietti, Eugenio Cozzolino, Vasile Stoleru, Otilia Cristina Murariu, Roberto Maiello, Giuseppe Cozzolino, Stefania De Pascale, Gianluca Caruso
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8620
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author Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita
Rachael Simister
Lorenzo Vecchietti
Eugenio Cozzolino
Vasile Stoleru
Otilia Cristina Murariu
Roberto Maiello
Giuseppe Cozzolino
Stefania De Pascale
Gianluca Caruso
author_facet Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita
Rachael Simister
Lorenzo Vecchietti
Eugenio Cozzolino
Vasile Stoleru
Otilia Cristina Murariu
Roberto Maiello
Giuseppe Cozzolino
Stefania De Pascale
Gianluca Caruso
author_sort Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita
collection DOAJ
description Perennial wall rocket (<i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> L.—DC.) exhibits genotype-dependent responses to biostimulant applications, which have not yet been deeply investigated. A two-year greenhouse factorial experiment was carried out to assess the interactions between five cultivars (Mars, Naples, Tricia, Venice, and Olivetta), three biostimulant formulations (<i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i> L. extract; a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate, “Dynamic”; and <i>Spirulina platensis</i> extract) plus an untreated control, and three crop cycles (autumn, autumn–winter, and winter) on leaf yield and dry matter, organic acids, colorimetric parameters, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities, nitrate concentration, nitrogen use efficiency, and mineral composition, using a split plot design with three replicates. Protein hydrolysate significantly enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Mars (+26%), Naples (+25.6%), Tricia (+25%), and Olivetta (+26%) compared to the control, while <i>Spirulina platensis</i> increased the mentioned parameters only in Venice (+36.2%). Nitrate accumulation was reduced by biostimulant application just in Venice, indicating genotype-dependent nitrogen metabolism responses. The findings of the present research demonstrate that the biostimulant efficacy in perennial wall rocket is mainly ruled by genotypic factors, and the appropriate combinations between the two mentioned experimental factors allow for optimization of leaf yield and quality while maintaining nitrate concentration under the regulation thresholds.
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spelling doaj-art-aa2ba31860d9416eaf2193ee2f7b9abd2025-08-20T03:02:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515862010.3390/app15158620Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather ConditionsAlessio Vincenzo Tallarita0Rachael Simister1Lorenzo Vecchietti2Eugenio Cozzolino3Vasile Stoleru4Otilia Cristina Murariu5Roberto Maiello6Giuseppe Cozzolino7Stefania De Pascale8Gianluca Caruso9Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyCentre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKHydro Fert S.r.l., 76121 Barletta, ItalyResearch Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Food Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, ItalyPerennial wall rocket (<i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> L.—DC.) exhibits genotype-dependent responses to biostimulant applications, which have not yet been deeply investigated. A two-year greenhouse factorial experiment was carried out to assess the interactions between five cultivars (Mars, Naples, Tricia, Venice, and Olivetta), three biostimulant formulations (<i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i> L. extract; a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate, “Dynamic”; and <i>Spirulina platensis</i> extract) plus an untreated control, and three crop cycles (autumn, autumn–winter, and winter) on leaf yield and dry matter, organic acids, colorimetric parameters, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities, nitrate concentration, nitrogen use efficiency, and mineral composition, using a split plot design with three replicates. Protein hydrolysate significantly enhanced yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Mars (+26%), Naples (+25.6%), Tricia (+25%), and Olivetta (+26%) compared to the control, while <i>Spirulina platensis</i> increased the mentioned parameters only in Venice (+36.2%). Nitrate accumulation was reduced by biostimulant application just in Venice, indicating genotype-dependent nitrogen metabolism responses. The findings of the present research demonstrate that the biostimulant efficacy in perennial wall rocket is mainly ruled by genotypic factors, and the appropriate combinations between the two mentioned experimental factors allow for optimization of leaf yield and quality while maintaining nitrate concentration under the regulation thresholds.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8620perennial wall rocket<i>Spirulina platensis</i> L.protein hydrolysate<i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i> L.crop cycleantioxidants
spellingShingle Alessio Vincenzo Tallarita
Rachael Simister
Lorenzo Vecchietti
Eugenio Cozzolino
Vasile Stoleru
Otilia Cristina Murariu
Roberto Maiello
Giuseppe Cozzolino
Stefania De Pascale
Gianluca Caruso
Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
Applied Sciences
perennial wall rocket
<i>Spirulina platensis</i> L.
protein hydrolysate
<i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i> L.
crop cycle
antioxidants
title Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
title_full Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
title_fullStr Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
title_short Effect of Biostimulant Formulation on Yield, Quality, and Nitrate Accumulation in <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> Cultivars Under Different Weather Conditions
title_sort effect of biostimulant formulation on yield quality and nitrate accumulation in i diplotaxis tenuifolia i cultivars under different weather conditions
topic perennial wall rocket
<i>Spirulina platensis</i> L.
protein hydrolysate
<i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i> L.
crop cycle
antioxidants
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8620
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