Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation

Abstract In this study, we aim to explore the soliton phenomena in fully nonlinear complex perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation (PGIE). This model concerns with optical pulse transmission pursuant to perturbation impacts encompassing significant uses in optical fibers, especially, photonic crystal fi...

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Main Authors: Zhimin Yan, Jinbo Li, Shoaib Barak, Salma Haque, Nabil Mlaiki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91978-x
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author Zhimin Yan
Jinbo Li
Shoaib Barak
Salma Haque
Nabil Mlaiki
author_facet Zhimin Yan
Jinbo Li
Shoaib Barak
Salma Haque
Nabil Mlaiki
author_sort Zhimin Yan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, we aim to explore the soliton phenomena in fully nonlinear complex perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation (PGIE). This model concerns with optical pulse transmission pursuant to perturbation impacts encompassing significant uses in optical fibers, especially, photonic crystal fibers. We employ the Riccati modified extended simple equation method, which has never been employed for this model previously, to acquire novel and distinct optical soliton solutions. To visually evaluate the dynamics of derived optical soliton solutions, several 3D, 2D, and contour graphics are incorporated. These visuals reveal a range of quasi-periodic type optical soliton phenomena, that include internal envelope, hump, cnoidal, periodic, and fractal solitons. In addition to including additional soliton dynamics into the model, the results show how these dynamics interact to affect the system’s overall behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-aa16bd30e0f14ce4b511ede319b35e9b2025-08-20T02:56:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-91978-xDelving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equationZhimin Yan0Jinbo Li1Shoaib Barak2Salma Haque3Nabil Mlaiki4School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, XinYu UniversitySchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, XinYu UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, Government Degree College No.2 MardanDepartment of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan UniversityDepartment of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan UniversityAbstract In this study, we aim to explore the soliton phenomena in fully nonlinear complex perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation (PGIE). This model concerns with optical pulse transmission pursuant to perturbation impacts encompassing significant uses in optical fibers, especially, photonic crystal fibers. We employ the Riccati modified extended simple equation method, which has never been employed for this model previously, to acquire novel and distinct optical soliton solutions. To visually evaluate the dynamics of derived optical soliton solutions, several 3D, 2D, and contour graphics are incorporated. These visuals reveal a range of quasi-periodic type optical soliton phenomena, that include internal envelope, hump, cnoidal, periodic, and fractal solitons. In addition to including additional soliton dynamics into the model, the results show how these dynamics interact to affect the system’s overall behavior.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91978-xRiccati modified extended simple equation methodNonlinear partial differential equationsPerturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equationPeriodic perturbationOptical soliton
spellingShingle Zhimin Yan
Jinbo Li
Shoaib Barak
Salma Haque
Nabil Mlaiki
Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
Scientific Reports
Riccati modified extended simple equation method
Nonlinear partial differential equations
Perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
Periodic perturbation
Optical soliton
title Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
title_full Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
title_fullStr Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
title_full_unstemmed Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
title_short Delving into quasi-periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
title_sort delving into quasi periodic type optical solitons in fully nonlinear complex structured perturbed gerdjikov ivanov equation
topic Riccati modified extended simple equation method
Nonlinear partial differential equations
Perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
Periodic perturbation
Optical soliton
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91978-x
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AT shoaibbarak delvingintoquasiperiodictypeopticalsolitonsinfullynonlinearcomplexstructuredperturbedgerdjikovivanovequation
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