Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications

BackgroundSacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), a native oilseed from the Amazon region, has attracted increasing attention for its nutritional richness and potential applications in functional foods. However, detailed studies on the characterization and valorization of its seeds, oil, and defatted...

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Main Authors: Fernando E. Alejandro Ruiz, Julio F. Ortega Jácome, José R. Mora, Andrea C. Landázuri, Paola Vásconez Duchicela, Julio Vásconez Espinoza, Pablo Beltrán-Ayala, María J. Andrade-Cuvi, José M. Alvarez-Suarez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597300/full
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author Fernando E. Alejandro Ruiz
Julio F. Ortega Jácome
José R. Mora
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Paola Vásconez Duchicela
Julio Vásconez Espinoza
Pablo Beltrán-Ayala
María J. Andrade-Cuvi
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
author_facet Fernando E. Alejandro Ruiz
Julio F. Ortega Jácome
José R. Mora
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Paola Vásconez Duchicela
Julio Vásconez Espinoza
Pablo Beltrán-Ayala
María J. Andrade-Cuvi
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
author_sort Fernando E. Alejandro Ruiz
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), a native oilseed from the Amazon region, has attracted increasing attention for its nutritional richness and potential applications in functional foods. However, detailed studies on the characterization and valorization of its seeds, oil, and defatted oilcake by-products from the Ecuadorian Amazon remain scarce. This study evaluates the bromatological, chemical, bioactive, and techno-functional properties of Sacha inchi seeds and their by-products from the Ecuadorian Amazon to assess their potential as functional ingredients in bakery applications.MethodsBromatological composition and color of Sacha inchi seeds and oilcake flour were determined. Mineral content was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Techno-functional properties-including swelling capacity (SC), water absorption capacity (WHC), water retention capacity (WRC), and oil holding capacity (OHC)-were assessed in oilcake flour. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were evaluated. The oil was analyzed for physicochemical quality and fatty acid composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).ResultsSacha inchi seeds were primarily composed of fat, followed by protein. In contrast, the defatted oilcake flour showed increased protein content, notable fiber levels, and high mineral concentrations-particularly calcium (2,634 mg/kg), magnesium (3,692 mg/kg), potassium (7,684 mg/kg), and phosphorus (9,140 mg/kg). Polyphenol content (50.53 mg GAEq/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 36.08 mM TEq/g FW; FRAP: 62.52 mM TEq/g FW) were largely retained after oil extraction. The oil was rich in essential fatty acids, notably α-linolenic acid (46.92%) and linoleic acid (38.09%), though its oxidative instability requires attention. Techno-functional evaluation of the oilcake flour showed moderate swelling capacity (3.47 ± 0.12), WHC (4.16 ± 0.63), WRC (3.50 ± 0.24), and low OHC (1.02 ± 0.05), which may affect hydration, freshness, and texture in bakery formulations. Overall, the oilcake flour outperformed wheat flour in protein, fiber, and mineral content, supporting its potential in developing nutritionally enhanced baked goods.ConclusionsSacha inchi oil and its defatted oilcake flour show high nutritional quality and functional potential. Their incorporation into food formulations could promote the development of healthier, sustainable products aligned with circular economy principles.
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spelling doaj-art-aa155cb18fa74dbdb4a5cf54cb34faac2025-08-20T01:54:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-05-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15973001597300Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applicationsFernando E. Alejandro Ruiz0Julio F. Ortega Jácome1José R. Mora2Andrea C. Landázuri3Andrea C. Landázuri4Andrea C. Landázuri5Andrea C. Landázuri6Paola Vásconez Duchicela7Julio Vásconez Espinoza8Pablo Beltrán-Ayala9María J. Andrade-Cuvi10José M. Alvarez-Suarez11José M. Alvarez-Suarez12Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (LabInAli), Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorLaboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (LabInAli), Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorApplied Circular Engineering & Simulation Group (GICAS), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorIBioMed, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorInstitute for Energy and Materials, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Ambientales (Biósfera), Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorInstituto Superior Universitario Oriente ITSO, Joya de Los Sachas, Orellana, EcuadorInstituto Superior Universitario Oriente ITSO, Joya de Los Sachas, Orellana, EcuadorSchool of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorLaboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (LabInAli), Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorLaboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (LabInAli), Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorLaboratorio de Bioexploración, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, EcuadorBackgroundSacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), a native oilseed from the Amazon region, has attracted increasing attention for its nutritional richness and potential applications in functional foods. However, detailed studies on the characterization and valorization of its seeds, oil, and defatted oilcake by-products from the Ecuadorian Amazon remain scarce. This study evaluates the bromatological, chemical, bioactive, and techno-functional properties of Sacha inchi seeds and their by-products from the Ecuadorian Amazon to assess their potential as functional ingredients in bakery applications.MethodsBromatological composition and color of Sacha inchi seeds and oilcake flour were determined. Mineral content was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Techno-functional properties-including swelling capacity (SC), water absorption capacity (WHC), water retention capacity (WRC), and oil holding capacity (OHC)-were assessed in oilcake flour. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were evaluated. The oil was analyzed for physicochemical quality and fatty acid composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).ResultsSacha inchi seeds were primarily composed of fat, followed by protein. In contrast, the defatted oilcake flour showed increased protein content, notable fiber levels, and high mineral concentrations-particularly calcium (2,634 mg/kg), magnesium (3,692 mg/kg), potassium (7,684 mg/kg), and phosphorus (9,140 mg/kg). Polyphenol content (50.53 mg GAEq/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 36.08 mM TEq/g FW; FRAP: 62.52 mM TEq/g FW) were largely retained after oil extraction. The oil was rich in essential fatty acids, notably α-linolenic acid (46.92%) and linoleic acid (38.09%), though its oxidative instability requires attention. Techno-functional evaluation of the oilcake flour showed moderate swelling capacity (3.47 ± 0.12), WHC (4.16 ± 0.63), WRC (3.50 ± 0.24), and low OHC (1.02 ± 0.05), which may affect hydration, freshness, and texture in bakery formulations. Overall, the oilcake flour outperformed wheat flour in protein, fiber, and mineral content, supporting its potential in developing nutritionally enhanced baked goods.ConclusionsSacha inchi oil and its defatted oilcake flour show high nutritional quality and functional potential. Their incorporation into food formulations could promote the development of healthier, sustainable products aligned with circular economy principles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597300/fullSacha inchifunctional foodbaking applicationsplant-based omega-3 oil sourcewheat flour substitute
spellingShingle Fernando E. Alejandro Ruiz
Julio F. Ortega Jácome
José R. Mora
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Andrea C. Landázuri
Paola Vásconez Duchicela
Julio Vásconez Espinoza
Pablo Beltrán-Ayala
María J. Andrade-Cuvi
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
José M. Alvarez-Suarez
Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
Frontiers in Nutrition
Sacha inchi
functional food
baking applications
plant-based omega-3 oil source
wheat flour substitute
title Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
title_full Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
title_fullStr Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
title_short Comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of Amazonian Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds, oil, and oilcake by-products for sustainable food applications
title_sort comprehensive characterization and valorization potential of amazonian sacha inchi plukenetia volubilis l seeds oil and oilcake by products for sustainable food applications
topic Sacha inchi
functional food
baking applications
plant-based omega-3 oil source
wheat flour substitute
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597300/full
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