Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change?
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methodology: 897 positive urine cultures collected from outpatients of all ages between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, were analyzed. The anti...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18844 |
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| author | Emine Unal Evren Hakan Evren Nilufer Galip |
| author_facet | Emine Unal Evren Hakan Evren Nilufer Galip |
| author_sort | Emine Unal Evren |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methodology: 897 positive urine cultures collected from outpatients of all ages between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, were analyzed. The antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were analyzed by using an automated VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, Marcy-l`Étoile, France) compact system. AST results were interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. The significance of resistance rates was tested with the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) positiveness were identified with binary logistic regression.
Results: E. coli (n = 774) and K. pneumoniae (n = 123) were isolated in 86.3% and 13.7% of the patients, respectively. During this period of six years before and during pandemic, the highest resistance rate was found for cefuroxime axetil (49.8%) and the lowest for nitrofuratoin (6.0%). Statistically significant increases in resistance compared to the pre-pandemic period were only determined for cefixime (37.2 vs 46.0%) and ceftriaxone (37.6 vs 46.1%) (p = 0.010). ESBL positivity was the most important factor that statistically increased resistance for all antibiotics (p < 0.001 for all). Being male [OR (95% CI) 1.56 (1.13-2.15)] and presenting to the clinic after the pandemic period [1.4 (1.1-1.8)] were found to increase ESBL positiveness significantly.
Conclusions: Ceftriaxone and Cefixime resistance rates and ESBL positivity among the uropathogens E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. ESBL positivity was higher in males.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aa06ef6ae01f4110afe75398756107ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-aa06ef6ae01f4110afe75398756107ff2025-08-20T02:27:19ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-09-011809.110.3855/jidc.18844Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change?Emine Unal Evren0Hakan Evren1Nilufer Galip2Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology; School of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, CyprusDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology; School of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, CyprusDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methodology: 897 positive urine cultures collected from outpatients of all ages between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, were analyzed. The antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were analyzed by using an automated VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, Marcy-l`Étoile, France) compact system. AST results were interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. The significance of resistance rates was tested with the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) positiveness were identified with binary logistic regression. Results: E. coli (n = 774) and K. pneumoniae (n = 123) were isolated in 86.3% and 13.7% of the patients, respectively. During this period of six years before and during pandemic, the highest resistance rate was found for cefuroxime axetil (49.8%) and the lowest for nitrofuratoin (6.0%). Statistically significant increases in resistance compared to the pre-pandemic period were only determined for cefixime (37.2 vs 46.0%) and ceftriaxone (37.6 vs 46.1%) (p = 0.010). ESBL positivity was the most important factor that statistically increased resistance for all antibiotics (p < 0.001 for all). Being male [OR (95% CI) 1.56 (1.13-2.15)] and presenting to the clinic after the pandemic period [1.4 (1.1-1.8)] were found to increase ESBL positiveness significantly. Conclusions: Ceftriaxone and Cefixime resistance rates and ESBL positivity among the uropathogens E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. ESBL positivity was higher in males. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18844uropathogenCOVID-19resistancepandemic |
| spellingShingle | Emine Unal Evren Hakan Evren Nilufer Galip Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? Journal of Infection in Developing Countries uropathogen COVID-19 resistance pandemic |
| title | Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? |
| title_full | Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? |
| title_short | Antibiotic resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Did the COVID-19 pandemic cause a change? |
| title_sort | antibiotic resistance in community acquired urinary tract infections did the covid 19 pandemic cause a change |
| topic | uropathogen COVID-19 resistance pandemic |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18844 |
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