Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.)
IntroductionCoffee is among the most sought-after and valued commodities because it has a high market value and serves as a soothing beverage. However, organically grown coffee remains limited. Most coffee farmers still use agrochemicals which, pose harmful effects. Therefore, alternative methods ar...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| author | Ni Luh Suriani Mohammed Al-zharani Fahd A. Nasr Lina M. Alneghery Dewa Ngurah Suprapta I. Nyoman Suarsana Ni Made Delly Resiani Hesham Ali El Enshasy Hesham Ali El Enshasy Riyaz Sayyed Jayanthi Barasarathi Ting Seng Ho Yulmira Yanti |
| author_facet | Ni Luh Suriani Mohammed Al-zharani Fahd A. Nasr Lina M. Alneghery Dewa Ngurah Suprapta I. Nyoman Suarsana Ni Made Delly Resiani Hesham Ali El Enshasy Hesham Ali El Enshasy Riyaz Sayyed Jayanthi Barasarathi Ting Seng Ho Yulmira Yanti |
| author_sort | Ni Luh Suriani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCoffee is among the most sought-after and valued commodities because it has a high market value and serves as a soothing beverage. However, organically grown coffee remains limited. Most coffee farmers still use agrochemicals which, pose harmful effects. Therefore, alternative methods are needed to produce healthier crops, such as utilizing rhizobacteria, which are environmentally friendly and safe for human health.MethodsThrough this study, rhizobacteria treatment was applied to coffee plants to enhance growth, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to determine the influence of rhizobacteria on the growth, production, and phytochemical content of Balinese robusta coffee plants. The research utilized a randomized group approach with four different treatments, six repetitions, and three units, resulting in a total of 72 experimental plants. F0 represents the control group with untreated soil, while F1, F2, and F3 correspond to treatments with 2% Bacillus nitrificans, 2% Bacillus velezensis, and a consortium of 2% Bacillus nitrificans and 2% Bacillus velezensis, respectively.ResultsThe results indicated that the F1, F2, and F3 treatments showed a notable distinction in comparison to the control. The F3 treatment proved to be the most efficient in enhancing growth, antioxidant activity, alkaloid content, tannin levels, caffeine concentration, and coffee production, whereas the F2 treatment resulted in the highest flavonoid content. Both types of rhizobacteria can generate IAA, facilitate nitrogen fixation, and solubilize phosphorus. Moreover, all four rhizobacteria are capable of colonizing the roots of Robusta Bali coffee.DiscussionThe two rhizobacteria, B. nitrificans and B. velezensis, can function as biofertilizers and biostimulants for Robusta coffee plants in Bali, as they enhance growth, yield, and phytochemical content. When combined, these rhizobacteria produce better results compared to control and single treatments, as they generate a greater amount of biofertilizers and biostimulants. Therefore, these rhizobacteria are highly suitable for supporting sustainable agriculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9c09d7bdbba427594fa4658f24e83be |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a9c09d7bdbba427594fa4658f24e83be2025-08-20T02:36:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16029401602940Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.)Ni Luh Suriani0Mohammed Al-zharani1Fahd A. Nasr2Lina M. Alneghery3Dewa Ngurah Suprapta4I. Nyoman Suarsana5Ni Made Delly Resiani6Hesham Ali El Enshasy7Hesham Ali El Enshasy8Riyaz Sayyed9Jayanthi Barasarathi10Ting Seng Ho11Yulmira Yanti12Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBiopesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaNational Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, MalaysiaInstitute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, OmanFaculty of Health & Life Sciences (FHLS), INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia0Back2Nature Organic Farm, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia1Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, Padang, IndonesiaIntroductionCoffee is among the most sought-after and valued commodities because it has a high market value and serves as a soothing beverage. However, organically grown coffee remains limited. Most coffee farmers still use agrochemicals which, pose harmful effects. Therefore, alternative methods are needed to produce healthier crops, such as utilizing rhizobacteria, which are environmentally friendly and safe for human health.MethodsThrough this study, rhizobacteria treatment was applied to coffee plants to enhance growth, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to determine the influence of rhizobacteria on the growth, production, and phytochemical content of Balinese robusta coffee plants. The research utilized a randomized group approach with four different treatments, six repetitions, and three units, resulting in a total of 72 experimental plants. F0 represents the control group with untreated soil, while F1, F2, and F3 correspond to treatments with 2% Bacillus nitrificans, 2% Bacillus velezensis, and a consortium of 2% Bacillus nitrificans and 2% Bacillus velezensis, respectively.ResultsThe results indicated that the F1, F2, and F3 treatments showed a notable distinction in comparison to the control. The F3 treatment proved to be the most efficient in enhancing growth, antioxidant activity, alkaloid content, tannin levels, caffeine concentration, and coffee production, whereas the F2 treatment resulted in the highest flavonoid content. Both types of rhizobacteria can generate IAA, facilitate nitrogen fixation, and solubilize phosphorus. Moreover, all four rhizobacteria are capable of colonizing the roots of Robusta Bali coffee.DiscussionThe two rhizobacteria, B. nitrificans and B. velezensis, can function as biofertilizers and biostimulants for Robusta coffee plants in Bali, as they enhance growth, yield, and phytochemical content. When combined, these rhizobacteria produce better results compared to control and single treatments, as they generate a greater amount of biofertilizers and biostimulants. Therefore, these rhizobacteria are highly suitable for supporting sustainable agriculture.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1602940/fullbiofertilizerbiostimulantscoffeerhizobacteriasustainable agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Ni Luh Suriani Mohammed Al-zharani Fahd A. Nasr Lina M. Alneghery Dewa Ngurah Suprapta I. Nyoman Suarsana Ni Made Delly Resiani Hesham Ali El Enshasy Hesham Ali El Enshasy Riyaz Sayyed Jayanthi Barasarathi Ting Seng Ho Yulmira Yanti Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) Frontiers in Microbiology biofertilizer biostimulants coffee rhizobacteria sustainable agriculture |
| title | Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) |
| title_full | Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) |
| title_fullStr | Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) |
| title_short | Rhizobacteria consortium improves growth, yield, and phytochemicals in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) |
| title_sort | rhizobacteria consortium improves growth yield and phytochemicals in robusta coffee coffea canephora l |
| topic | biofertilizer biostimulants coffee rhizobacteria sustainable agriculture |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1602940/full |
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