Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting

Objectives Consequential interactions at the cleat-surface interface are associated with non-contact torsional injury mechanics, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in football.This study investigates the effect of sex and fatigue on plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure...

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Main Authors: Michael Hahn, Emily Karolidis, Alex Denton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
Online Access:https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/2/e002517.full
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author Michael Hahn
Emily Karolidis
Alex Denton
author_facet Michael Hahn
Emily Karolidis
Alex Denton
author_sort Michael Hahn
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Consequential interactions at the cleat-surface interface are associated with non-contact torsional injury mechanics, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in football.This study investigates the effect of sex and fatigue on plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure excursion in cleated footwear geometries of higher (bladed) and lower (elliptical) available traction to better understand the aetiology of female injury patterns.Methods College-aged football participants (10 male, 10 female) performed a fatiguing running and cutting protocol in cleated footwear of different stud shapes. Insole pressure was recorded during intermittent lateral cuts across a multistage fatigue protocol. Peak plantar pressure during the initial cutting stance and centre of pressure trajectory across the full cutting stance were compared across both cleat types and with fatigue progression.Results Significant main and interaction effects of sex, cleat and fatigue were found on peak pressure across the anterior heel, medial forefoot and lateral toes. Results suggest elliptical cleats increased peak pressure during the initial cutting stance compared with bladed cleats. Systemic fatigue progression increased the mediolateral centre of pressure excursion and posterolateral peak pressure. This posterolateral deviation is largest among females in the bladed cleat, potentially indicative of instability.Conclusion Results suggest optimising cleated footwear for female athletes during their most susceptible fatigued state. Data suggest improving lateral and posterior stud arrangement on a female-informed cleat design to reduce posterolateral excursion during cutting stance.
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spelling doaj-art-a9bdbb1adcea43a2a46485778ab27e152025-08-20T02:30:50ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine2055-76472025-06-0111210.1136/bmjsem-2025-002517Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cuttingMichael Hahn0Emily Karolidis1Alex Denton2Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USAUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USAObjectives Consequential interactions at the cleat-surface interface are associated with non-contact torsional injury mechanics, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in football.This study investigates the effect of sex and fatigue on plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure excursion in cleated footwear geometries of higher (bladed) and lower (elliptical) available traction to better understand the aetiology of female injury patterns.Methods College-aged football participants (10 male, 10 female) performed a fatiguing running and cutting protocol in cleated footwear of different stud shapes. Insole pressure was recorded during intermittent lateral cuts across a multistage fatigue protocol. Peak plantar pressure during the initial cutting stance and centre of pressure trajectory across the full cutting stance were compared across both cleat types and with fatigue progression.Results Significant main and interaction effects of sex, cleat and fatigue were found on peak pressure across the anterior heel, medial forefoot and lateral toes. Results suggest elliptical cleats increased peak pressure during the initial cutting stance compared with bladed cleats. Systemic fatigue progression increased the mediolateral centre of pressure excursion and posterolateral peak pressure. This posterolateral deviation is largest among females in the bladed cleat, potentially indicative of instability.Conclusion Results suggest optimising cleated footwear for female athletes during their most susceptible fatigued state. Data suggest improving lateral and posterior stud arrangement on a female-informed cleat design to reduce posterolateral excursion during cutting stance.https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/2/e002517.full
spellingShingle Michael Hahn
Emily Karolidis
Alex Denton
Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
title Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
title_full Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
title_fullStr Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
title_full_unstemmed Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
title_short Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
title_sort effect of football cleat stud shape sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting
url https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/2/e002517.full
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AT emilykarolidis effectoffootballcleatstudshapesexandfatiguestateonplantarloadingduringlateralcutting
AT alexdenton effectoffootballcleatstudshapesexandfatiguestateonplantarloadingduringlateralcutting