Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains
Zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) poses serious health risks and economic losses in animal farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum CN1 in detoxifying ZEN and optimizing fermentation...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533515/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850237667275440128 |
|---|---|
| author | Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Ling-ling Guo Lili Wang Lili Wang Xiaoyu Li Xiaoyu Li Liaqat Zeb Bowen Jin Ji-bin Li Yongping Xu Yongping Xu Yongping Xu |
| author_facet | Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Ling-ling Guo Lili Wang Lili Wang Xiaoyu Li Xiaoyu Li Liaqat Zeb Bowen Jin Ji-bin Li Yongping Xu Yongping Xu Yongping Xu |
| author_sort | Bilal Murtaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) poses serious health risks and economic losses in animal farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum CN1 in detoxifying ZEN and optimizing fermentation conditions for maximum efficiency. L. plantarum CN1, identified with 99% genetic homology, was used for DDGS fermentation. The detoxification mechanism was analyzed through adsorption assays, post-heat treatment effects, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZEN removal was assessed over 72 h under various conditions, including bacterial concentration, temperature, and pH optimization. The results showed that CN1 achieved a maximum ZEN removal rate of 69% within 72 h, with an optimized efficiency of 75.6% at 4 × 109 CFU/mL. Over 60% of ZEN was adsorbed by the bacterial cell wall, while removal in the fermentation supernatant and intracellular fluid remained below 5%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis highlighted structural changes in the bacterial cells, particularly elongation and thinning, with more pronounced cell damage observed following heat and ZEN treatment. These modifications may explain the varying adsorption efficiencies observed. Heat treatment, particularly autoclaving, significantly enhanced adsorption efficiency to 82.9%, whereas acid and alkali treatments reduced it. Fermentation also improved the nutritional quality of DDGS, increasing crude protein by 7.16%, reducing crude fiber by 0.65%, and lowering pH to 4.3. These findings demonstrate that probiotic fermentation with CN1 offers a promising, cost-effective strategy for mitigating ZEN contamination while enhancing DDGS quality. Future studies should explore large-scale applications and the potential of CN1 in multi-mycotoxin detoxification to further improve feed safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9b004f13a054067b49f1b3f4d22aecd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a9b004f13a054067b49f1b3f4d22aecd2025-08-20T02:01:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15335151533515Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grainsBilal Murtaza0Bilal Murtaza1Bilal Murtaza2Ling-ling Guo3Lili Wang4Lili Wang5Xiaoyu Li6Xiaoyu Li7Liaqat Zeb8Bowen Jin9Ji-bin Li10Yongping Xu11Yongping Xu12Yongping Xu13MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaDalian SEM Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, ChinaCenter for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaMicrobial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaCenter for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaCenter for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayMOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaDalian SEM Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaDalian SEM Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, ChinaCenter for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaZearalenone (ZEN) contamination in dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) poses serious health risks and economic losses in animal farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum CN1 in detoxifying ZEN and optimizing fermentation conditions for maximum efficiency. L. plantarum CN1, identified with 99% genetic homology, was used for DDGS fermentation. The detoxification mechanism was analyzed through adsorption assays, post-heat treatment effects, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZEN removal was assessed over 72 h under various conditions, including bacterial concentration, temperature, and pH optimization. The results showed that CN1 achieved a maximum ZEN removal rate of 69% within 72 h, with an optimized efficiency of 75.6% at 4 × 109 CFU/mL. Over 60% of ZEN was adsorbed by the bacterial cell wall, while removal in the fermentation supernatant and intracellular fluid remained below 5%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis highlighted structural changes in the bacterial cells, particularly elongation and thinning, with more pronounced cell damage observed following heat and ZEN treatment. These modifications may explain the varying adsorption efficiencies observed. Heat treatment, particularly autoclaving, significantly enhanced adsorption efficiency to 82.9%, whereas acid and alkali treatments reduced it. Fermentation also improved the nutritional quality of DDGS, increasing crude protein by 7.16%, reducing crude fiber by 0.65%, and lowering pH to 4.3. These findings demonstrate that probiotic fermentation with CN1 offers a promising, cost-effective strategy for mitigating ZEN contamination while enhancing DDGS quality. Future studies should explore large-scale applications and the potential of CN1 in multi-mycotoxin detoxification to further improve feed safety.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533515/fullfeed safetyzearalenone mitigationprobiotic fermentationDDGSfungal toxin |
| spellingShingle | Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Bilal Murtaza Ling-ling Guo Lili Wang Lili Wang Xiaoyu Li Xiaoyu Li Liaqat Zeb Bowen Jin Ji-bin Li Yongping Xu Yongping Xu Yongping Xu Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains Frontiers in Microbiology feed safety zearalenone mitigation probiotic fermentation DDGS fungal toxin |
| title | Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains |
| title_full | Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains |
| title_fullStr | Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains |
| title_short | Innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller’s grains |
| title_sort | innovative probiotic fermentation approach for zearalenone detoxification in dried distiller s grains |
| topic | feed safety zearalenone mitigation probiotic fermentation DDGS fungal toxin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533515/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bilalmurtaza innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT bilalmurtaza innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT bilalmurtaza innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT linglingguo innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT liliwang innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT liliwang innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT xiaoyuli innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT xiaoyuli innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT liaqatzeb innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT bowenjin innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT jibinli innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT yongpingxu innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT yongpingxu innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains AT yongpingxu innovativeprobioticfermentationapproachforzearalenonedetoxificationindrieddistillersgrains |