Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques
The screening of lanthanide as a critical mineral and used as an anti-amoebic agent is important to identify the safest method and mode of cell death to eliminate this microorganism from the host. In this study, gadolinium ion (Gd3+) that complexed with a short acyclic triethylene glycol (EO3) and i...
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Al-Ayen Iraqi University
2024-09-01
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| Series: | AUIQ Complementary Biological System |
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| Online Access: | https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol1/iss2/1/ |
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| author | Eny Kusrini Fatimah Hashim Azrina Aziz Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim Anwar Usman Lee D. Wilson El-Sayed Negim Agus Budi Prasetyo |
| author_facet | Eny Kusrini Fatimah Hashim Azrina Aziz Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim Anwar Usman Lee D. Wilson El-Sayed Negim Agus Budi Prasetyo |
| author_sort | Eny Kusrini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The screening of lanthanide as a critical mineral and used as an anti-amoebic agent is important to identify the safest method and mode of cell death to eliminate this microorganism from the host. In this study, gadolinium ion (Gd3+) that complexed with a short acyclic triethylene glycol (EO3) and in the presence of picric acid (HPic) as counter anion for anti-amoebic activity was explored. The trivalent Gd3+ complexed with EO3 and HPic via one-pot synthesis reaction using a mole ratio of gadolinium nitrate salt, EO3 ligand and HPic in a mole ratio 1:3:4 to produce [Gd(Pic)2(H2O)(EO3)]+(Pic)-.CH3OH. The viability of cells was assessed by using an MTT assay after 24 hours exposed to the Gd complex. The cytotoxicity of the Gd complex has an IC50 value of 23.44 µg/mL. The treated cells display orange organelles in the green cytoplasm after 24 h of incubation time and indicated that the cells experienced autophagic cell death. The externalisation of phosphatidylserine was not observed by flow cytometry techniques using Annexin V-FITC. Overall, the Gd complex is potent as anti-amoebic agent and is possible to use for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection in future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a96ca2eb611549f088cd5c43b216484d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 3007-973X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | Al-Ayen Iraqi University |
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| series | AUIQ Complementary Biological System |
| spelling | doaj-art-a96ca2eb611549f088cd5c43b216484d2025-08-20T02:35:01ZengAl-Ayen Iraqi UniversityAUIQ Complementary Biological System3007-973X2024-09-011211010.70176/3007-973X.1010Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry TechniquesEny Kusrini0Fatimah Hashim1Azrina Aziz2Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim3Anwar Usman4Lee D. Wilson5El-Sayed Negim6Agus Budi Prasetyo7 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei DarussalamDepartment of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place, Room 156 Thorvaldson Building, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9 School of Chemical Engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU), 106, Ualikhanov str., Almaty, 050010, KazakhstanResearch Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST, BJ. Habibie, Puspitek Area, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, IndonesiaThe screening of lanthanide as a critical mineral and used as an anti-amoebic agent is important to identify the safest method and mode of cell death to eliminate this microorganism from the host. In this study, gadolinium ion (Gd3+) that complexed with a short acyclic triethylene glycol (EO3) and in the presence of picric acid (HPic) as counter anion for anti-amoebic activity was explored. The trivalent Gd3+ complexed with EO3 and HPic via one-pot synthesis reaction using a mole ratio of gadolinium nitrate salt, EO3 ligand and HPic in a mole ratio 1:3:4 to produce [Gd(Pic)2(H2O)(EO3)]+(Pic)-.CH3OH. The viability of cells was assessed by using an MTT assay after 24 hours exposed to the Gd complex. The cytotoxicity of the Gd complex has an IC50 value of 23.44 µg/mL. The treated cells display orange organelles in the green cytoplasm after 24 h of incubation time and indicated that the cells experienced autophagic cell death. The externalisation of phosphatidylserine was not observed by flow cytometry techniques using Annexin V-FITC. Overall, the Gd complex is potent as anti-amoebic agent and is possible to use for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection in future.https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol1/iss2/1/acanthamoebaantiamoebic agentcritical mineralcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Eny Kusrini Fatimah Hashim Azrina Aziz Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim Anwar Usman Lee D. Wilson El-Sayed Negim Agus Budi Prasetyo Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques AUIQ Complementary Biological System acanthamoeba antiamoebic agent critical mineral cytotoxicity |
| title | Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques |
| title_full | Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques |
| title_short | Potential of Critical Mineral and Cytotoxicity Activity of Gadolinium Complex as Anti-amoebic Agent by Viability Studies and Flow Cytometry Techniques |
| title_sort | potential of critical mineral and cytotoxicity activity of gadolinium complex as anti amoebic agent by viability studies and flow cytometry techniques |
| topic | acanthamoeba antiamoebic agent critical mineral cytotoxicity |
| url | https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol1/iss2/1/ |
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