Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro
This retrospective cohort study analyzed 7870 pregnant women, including 2269 with confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and 5601 without Zika infection, along with their fetuses and newborns. Data were sourced from multiple databases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A propensity score model w...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/208 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850231373674053632 |
|---|---|
| author | Marlos Melo Martins Roberto de Andrade Medronho Carlos Eduardo Raymundo Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha |
| author_facet | Marlos Melo Martins Roberto de Andrade Medronho Carlos Eduardo Raymundo Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha |
| author_sort | Marlos Melo Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This retrospective cohort study analyzed 7870 pregnant women, including 2269 with confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and 5601 without Zika infection, along with their fetuses and newborns. Data were sourced from multiple databases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A propensity score model was employed to control confounding factors and stratify outcomes by pregnancy trimester. Among ZIKV+ pregnant women, 49 cases of congenital microcephaly or congenital nervous system (CNS) abnormalities were identified (2.16%, or 193.9 cases in 10,000 live births), whereas 44 cases were identified among ZIKV− women (0.78%, or 71.4 cases in 10,000 live births). Multivariable analysis yielded an odds ratio of 2.46 (95% CI 1.30–4.64) overall, with 4.29 (95% CI 1.93–9.53) in the first trimester, 5.29 (95% CI 1.08–25.95) in the second trimester, and 0.68 (95% CI 0.21–2.14) in the third trimester. The most frequent findings among ZIKV+ cases included intracranial calcifications, ventriculomegaly, posterior fossa malformations, reduced brain volume, corpus callosum malformations, cortex dysplasia, lissencephaly, and pachygyria. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were detected in 55.5% of cases, and brainstem auditory evoked potential anomalies were reported in 33.3%. ZIKV infection can result in structural or functional anomalies. Given the absence of specific treatment for congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), clinical care should prioritize monitoring and managing neurological, motor, auditory, visual, and orthopedic disorders in all children with in utero ZIKV exposure, especially during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a96747e2331742ceb2c036f14420ed1e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-a96747e2331742ceb2c036f14420ed1e2025-08-20T02:03:32ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-0117220810.3390/v17020208Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de JaneiroMarlos Melo Martins0Roberto de Andrade Medronho1Carlos Eduardo Raymundo2Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa3Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha4Division of Pediatric Neurology, Martagão Gesteira Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, BrazilDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-592, BrazilDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-592, BrazilDepartment of Pediatrics, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 2281-100, BrazilDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, BrazilThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 7870 pregnant women, including 2269 with confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and 5601 without Zika infection, along with their fetuses and newborns. Data were sourced from multiple databases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A propensity score model was employed to control confounding factors and stratify outcomes by pregnancy trimester. Among ZIKV+ pregnant women, 49 cases of congenital microcephaly or congenital nervous system (CNS) abnormalities were identified (2.16%, or 193.9 cases in 10,000 live births), whereas 44 cases were identified among ZIKV− women (0.78%, or 71.4 cases in 10,000 live births). Multivariable analysis yielded an odds ratio of 2.46 (95% CI 1.30–4.64) overall, with 4.29 (95% CI 1.93–9.53) in the first trimester, 5.29 (95% CI 1.08–25.95) in the second trimester, and 0.68 (95% CI 0.21–2.14) in the third trimester. The most frequent findings among ZIKV+ cases included intracranial calcifications, ventriculomegaly, posterior fossa malformations, reduced brain volume, corpus callosum malformations, cortex dysplasia, lissencephaly, and pachygyria. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were detected in 55.5% of cases, and brainstem auditory evoked potential anomalies were reported in 33.3%. ZIKV infection can result in structural or functional anomalies. Given the absence of specific treatment for congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), clinical care should prioritize monitoring and managing neurological, motor, auditory, visual, and orthopedic disorders in all children with in utero ZIKV exposure, especially during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/208Zika virusmicrocephalyCNS congenital malformations |
| spellingShingle | Marlos Melo Martins Roberto de Andrade Medronho Carlos Eduardo Raymundo Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro Viruses Zika virus microcephaly CNS congenital malformations |
| title | Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro |
| title_full | Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro |
| title_fullStr | Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro |
| title_short | Neonatal Microcephaly and Central Nervous System Abnormalities During the Zika Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro |
| title_sort | neonatal microcephaly and central nervous system abnormalities during the zika outbreak in rio de janeiro |
| topic | Zika virus microcephaly CNS congenital malformations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/208 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marlosmelomartins neonatalmicrocephalyandcentralnervoussystemabnormalitiesduringthezikaoutbreakinriodejaneiro AT robertodeandrademedronho neonatalmicrocephalyandcentralnervoussystemabnormalitiesduringthezikaoutbreakinriodejaneiro AT carloseduardoraymundo neonatalmicrocephalyandcentralnervoussystemabnormalitiesduringthezikaoutbreakinriodejaneiro AT arnaldopratabarbosa neonatalmicrocephalyandcentralnervoussystemabnormalitiesduringthezikaoutbreakinriodejaneiro AT antoniojoseledoalvesdacunha neonatalmicrocephalyandcentralnervoussystemabnormalitiesduringthezikaoutbreakinriodejaneiro |