Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR
The metropolis of the future demands an efficient Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system. Since every region has a distinct number plate format and style, an unconstrained ANPR system is still not available. There is not much work done on Pakistani number plates because of the unavailabili...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Complexity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5597337 |
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| author | Salma Maham Saeed Rauf ur Rahim Muhammad Gufran Khan Adil Zulfiqar Muhammad Tahir Bhatti |
| author_facet | Salma Maham Saeed Rauf ur Rahim Muhammad Gufran Khan Adil Zulfiqar Muhammad Tahir Bhatti |
| author_sort | Salma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The metropolis of the future demands an efficient Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system. Since every region has a distinct number plate format and style, an unconstrained ANPR system is still not available. There is not much work done on Pakistani number plates because of the unavailability of the data and heterogeneous plate formations. Addressing this issue, we have collected a Pakistani vehicle dataset having various plate configurations and developed a novel ANPR framework using the dataset. The proposed framework localizes the number plate region using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection model, applies robust preprocessing techniques on the extracted plate region, and finally recognizes the plate label using OCR (optical character recognition) Tesseract. The obtained mAP score of the YOLOv3 is 94.3% and the YOLOv4 model is 99.5% on the 0.50 threshold, whereas the average accuracy score of our framework is found to be 73%. For comparison and validation, we implemented a LeNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture which uses the segmented image as an input. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed ANPR framework comprising the YOLOv4 and OCR Tesseract has good accuracy and inference time for a wide variation of illumination and style of Pakistani number plates and can be used to develop a real-time system. The proposed ANPR framework will be helpful for researchers developing ANPR for countries having similar challenging vehicle number plate formats and styles. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9501639b9724d0d86d53a6bad36c74b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1076-2787 1099-0526 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Complexity |
| spelling | doaj-art-a9501639b9724d0d86d53a6bad36c74b2025-08-20T02:23:07ZengWileyComplexity1076-27871099-05262021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55973375597337Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCRSalma0Maham Saeed1Rauf ur Rahim2Muhammad Gufran Khan3Adil Zulfiqar4Muhammad Tahir Bhatti5Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Islamabad (Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus), Islamabad, PakistanThe metropolis of the future demands an efficient Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system. Since every region has a distinct number plate format and style, an unconstrained ANPR system is still not available. There is not much work done on Pakistani number plates because of the unavailability of the data and heterogeneous plate formations. Addressing this issue, we have collected a Pakistani vehicle dataset having various plate configurations and developed a novel ANPR framework using the dataset. The proposed framework localizes the number plate region using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection model, applies robust preprocessing techniques on the extracted plate region, and finally recognizes the plate label using OCR (optical character recognition) Tesseract. The obtained mAP score of the YOLOv3 is 94.3% and the YOLOv4 model is 99.5% on the 0.50 threshold, whereas the average accuracy score of our framework is found to be 73%. For comparison and validation, we implemented a LeNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture which uses the segmented image as an input. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed ANPR framework comprising the YOLOv4 and OCR Tesseract has good accuracy and inference time for a wide variation of illumination and style of Pakistani number plates and can be used to develop a real-time system. The proposed ANPR framework will be helpful for researchers developing ANPR for countries having similar challenging vehicle number plate formats and styles.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5597337 |
| spellingShingle | Salma Maham Saeed Rauf ur Rahim Muhammad Gufran Khan Adil Zulfiqar Muhammad Tahir Bhatti Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR Complexity |
| title | Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR |
| title_full | Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR |
| title_fullStr | Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR |
| title_short | Development of ANPR Framework for Pakistani Vehicle Number Plates Using Object Detection and OCR |
| title_sort | development of anpr framework for pakistani vehicle number plates using object detection and ocr |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5597337 |
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