The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot

IntroductionSocial robots are increasingly introduced into homes as short-term educational or entertainment tools for children. However, their physical presence and social roles may persist long after their intended use has ended. This study explores how families continue to engage with a child-focu...

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Main Authors: Zhao Zhao, Rhonda McEwen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1628089/full
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author Zhao Zhao
Rhonda McEwen
author_facet Zhao Zhao
Rhonda McEwen
author_sort Zhao Zhao
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSocial robots are increasingly introduced into homes as short-term educational or entertainment tools for children. However, their physical presence and social roles may persist long after their intended use has ended. This study explores how families continue to engage with a child-focused educational robot years after its original deployment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective follow-up study with 19 families who participated in a 2021 in-home deployment of a reading companion robot for preschool-aged children. In 2025, we revisited these families through in-depth interviews to investigate how the robot had been integrated, re-purposed, or preserved over time.ResultsDespite the children outgrowing the robot’s instructional content, 18 families had retained the robot. Families described transitions in its role—from an educational device to a symbolic household member—characterized by emotional attachment, care-taking behaviors, and affection. The robot was re-framed as a memory object, integrated into new routines, or passed on ceremonially, akin to a “retirement.”DiscussionOur findings reveal three key themes explaining the robot’s enduring presence: (1) emotional attachment and personification, (2) symbolic and nostalgic value, and (3) practical re-purposing within household routines. This study contributes to long-term human—robot interaction literature by extending domestication theory and emphasizing the importance of designing for the full life cycle of social robots—including end-of-life transitions. It underscores how social robots can become meaningful companions and enduring artifacts of family identity, long after their functional use has ended.
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spelling doaj-art-a936d1f0f6e14015a8ccef63ebc41b1a2025-08-20T03:39:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Robotics and AI2296-91442025-08-011210.3389/frobt.2025.16280891628089The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robotZhao Zhao0Rhonda McEwen1School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaInstitute of Communication, Culture, Information and Technology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, CanadaIntroductionSocial robots are increasingly introduced into homes as short-term educational or entertainment tools for children. However, their physical presence and social roles may persist long after their intended use has ended. This study explores how families continue to engage with a child-focused educational robot years after its original deployment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective follow-up study with 19 families who participated in a 2021 in-home deployment of a reading companion robot for preschool-aged children. In 2025, we revisited these families through in-depth interviews to investigate how the robot had been integrated, re-purposed, or preserved over time.ResultsDespite the children outgrowing the robot’s instructional content, 18 families had retained the robot. Families described transitions in its role—from an educational device to a symbolic household member—characterized by emotional attachment, care-taking behaviors, and affection. The robot was re-framed as a memory object, integrated into new routines, or passed on ceremonially, akin to a “retirement.”DiscussionOur findings reveal three key themes explaining the robot’s enduring presence: (1) emotional attachment and personification, (2) symbolic and nostalgic value, and (3) practical re-purposing within household routines. This study contributes to long-term human—robot interaction literature by extending domestication theory and emphasizing the importance of designing for the full life cycle of social robots—including end-of-life transitions. It underscores how social robots can become meaningful companions and enduring artifacts of family identity, long after their functional use has ended.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1628089/fulllong-term HRIchild-robot attachmentrobot domesticationrobot afterlifehome robot
spellingShingle Zhao Zhao
Rhonda McEwen
The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
Frontiers in Robotics and AI
long-term HRI
child-robot attachment
robot domestication
robot afterlife
home robot
title The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
title_full The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
title_fullStr The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
title_full_unstemmed The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
title_short The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
title_sort robot that stayed understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot
topic long-term HRI
child-robot attachment
robot domestication
robot afterlife
home robot
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1628089/full
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