Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) enables solid-state, layer-by-layer metal deposition, minimizing defects and elemental loss from melting. Consequently, AFSD is highly effective for manufacturing aluminum alloys. Systematic studies indicate that grain structure influences properties along di...

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Main Authors: Han Gao, Peng Dong, Zhiwei Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/539
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author Han Gao
Peng Dong
Zhiwei Wei
author_facet Han Gao
Peng Dong
Zhiwei Wei
author_sort Han Gao
collection DOAJ
description Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) enables solid-state, layer-by-layer metal deposition, minimizing defects and elemental loss from melting. Consequently, AFSD is highly effective for manufacturing aluminum alloys. Systematic studies indicate that grain structure influences properties along different processing directions in AFSD aluminum alloys. Accordingly, this study used AFSD to fabricate an aluminum alloy wall and rigorously characterized its microstructure and mechanical properties in both the XOY plane (X direction) specimen and the YOZ plane (Z direction) specimen. Results demonstrate that AFSD-fabricated 6061 aluminum alloys exhibit refined grains. Microhardness tests revealed directional variation, with the YOZ plane (Z direction) specimens showing lower hardness. Tensile tests showed that the transverse direction (X direction) specimens had slightly higher tensile strength than the deposition direction (Z direction) specimens. This study offers theoretical guidance for optimizing AFSD metal fabrication and provides data supporting the broader adoption of AFSD-fabricated 6061 aluminum alloys.
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spelling doaj-art-a919b1195bfe48bb82283bdccf632d7a2025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-05-0115553910.3390/met15050539Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir DepositionHan Gao0Peng Dong1Zhiwei Wei2College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaAdditive friction stir deposition (AFSD) enables solid-state, layer-by-layer metal deposition, minimizing defects and elemental loss from melting. Consequently, AFSD is highly effective for manufacturing aluminum alloys. Systematic studies indicate that grain structure influences properties along different processing directions in AFSD aluminum alloys. Accordingly, this study used AFSD to fabricate an aluminum alloy wall and rigorously characterized its microstructure and mechanical properties in both the XOY plane (X direction) specimen and the YOZ plane (Z direction) specimen. Results demonstrate that AFSD-fabricated 6061 aluminum alloys exhibit refined grains. Microhardness tests revealed directional variation, with the YOZ plane (Z direction) specimens showing lower hardness. Tensile tests showed that the transverse direction (X direction) specimens had slightly higher tensile strength than the deposition direction (Z direction) specimens. This study offers theoretical guidance for optimizing AFSD metal fabrication and provides data supporting the broader adoption of AFSD-fabricated 6061 aluminum alloys.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/539AFSD technology6061 aluminum alloymicrostructuremechanical properties
spellingShingle Han Gao
Peng Dong
Zhiwei Wei
Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
Metals
AFSD technology
6061 aluminum alloy
microstructure
mechanical properties
title Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
title_full Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
title_fullStr Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
title_full_unstemmed Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
title_short Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Additive Friction Stir Deposition
title_sort microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy by additive friction stir deposition
topic AFSD technology
6061 aluminum alloy
microstructure
mechanical properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/539
work_keys_str_mv AT hangao microstructureandpropertiesof6061aluminumalloybyadditivefrictionstirdeposition
AT pengdong microstructureandpropertiesof6061aluminumalloybyadditivefrictionstirdeposition
AT zhiweiwei microstructureandpropertiesof6061aluminumalloybyadditivefrictionstirdeposition