Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata

Abstract The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges because of chemical fertilizers. Overuse of chemicals results in soil degradation, water and environmental pollution, potential health risks in all living forms on the earth. Chemical fertilizers adversely affects the soil microbes, deterior...

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Main Authors: Dhanushwr Kumar, Ranjani Soundhararajan, Hemalatha Srinivasan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Nano
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04268-w
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author Dhanushwr Kumar
Ranjani Soundhararajan
Hemalatha Srinivasan
author_facet Dhanushwr Kumar
Ranjani Soundhararajan
Hemalatha Srinivasan
author_sort Dhanushwr Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges because of chemical fertilizers. Overuse of chemicals results in soil degradation, water and environmental pollution, potential health risks in all living forms on the earth. Chemical fertilizers adversely affects the soil microbes, deteriorating soil quality by nutritional deficits, hence necessitating eco-friendly alternatives for fostering crop growth. Nanotechnology provides innovative solutions, impacting every stage from seed germination to storage, promoting sustainable farming practices. Among these advancements, silica nanoparticles (SiNp) have emerged as a promising candidate for enhancing plant growth and development. To explore this potential, we report a novel green synthesis of Triphala medited silica nanoparticles (TpSiNps) by using aqueous fruit extract from a blend of Terminalia bellirica, Emblica officinalis, and Terminalia chebula fruits (Triphala), marking the first green synthesis of silica nanoparticles using a polyherbal formulation. The synthesized TpSiNps were characterized as stable, heterogeneous, and nano-coarse. Vigna radiata, a widely cultivated and nutritionally rich legume of agricultural significance, posed as a plant model to evaluate the potential of TpSiNps in promoting plant growth. Seedlings were treated with TpSiNps (1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm) and analysed for seed germination, growth, and biochemical constituents. Experimental findings indicate that at 10 ppm, TpSiNps improved seed germination by ~ 45% and enhanced growth parameters, with shoot length by ~ 107%, root length by ~ 58%, and fresh biomass by ~ 59% in tested Vigna radiata. Furthermore, increased levels of bio constituents, including carbohydrates (~ 21%), proteins (~ 8%), tryptophan (~ 10%), chlorophyll (~ 8%), and carotenoids (~ 12%) suggest a stimulatory effect of TpSiNps on the metabolic processes of Vigna radiata. These results highlight TpSiNps's potential as a viable green nanotechnology solution for addressing agricultural challenges and ensuring food security.
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spelling doaj-art-a91772a49c28433985dbbb20a4522d202025-08-20T02:00:07ZengSpringerDiscover Nano2731-92292025-05-0120111610.1186/s11671-025-04268-wGreen synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiataDhanushwr Kumar0Ranjani Soundhararajan1Hemalatha Srinivasan2School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologySchool of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologySchool of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyAbstract The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges because of chemical fertilizers. Overuse of chemicals results in soil degradation, water and environmental pollution, potential health risks in all living forms on the earth. Chemical fertilizers adversely affects the soil microbes, deteriorating soil quality by nutritional deficits, hence necessitating eco-friendly alternatives for fostering crop growth. Nanotechnology provides innovative solutions, impacting every stage from seed germination to storage, promoting sustainable farming practices. Among these advancements, silica nanoparticles (SiNp) have emerged as a promising candidate for enhancing plant growth and development. To explore this potential, we report a novel green synthesis of Triphala medited silica nanoparticles (TpSiNps) by using aqueous fruit extract from a blend of Terminalia bellirica, Emblica officinalis, and Terminalia chebula fruits (Triphala), marking the first green synthesis of silica nanoparticles using a polyherbal formulation. The synthesized TpSiNps were characterized as stable, heterogeneous, and nano-coarse. Vigna radiata, a widely cultivated and nutritionally rich legume of agricultural significance, posed as a plant model to evaluate the potential of TpSiNps in promoting plant growth. Seedlings were treated with TpSiNps (1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm) and analysed for seed germination, growth, and biochemical constituents. Experimental findings indicate that at 10 ppm, TpSiNps improved seed germination by ~ 45% and enhanced growth parameters, with shoot length by ~ 107%, root length by ~ 58%, and fresh biomass by ~ 59% in tested Vigna radiata. Furthermore, increased levels of bio constituents, including carbohydrates (~ 21%), proteins (~ 8%), tryptophan (~ 10%), chlorophyll (~ 8%), and carotenoids (~ 12%) suggest a stimulatory effect of TpSiNps on the metabolic processes of Vigna radiata. These results highlight TpSiNps's potential as a viable green nanotechnology solution for addressing agricultural challenges and ensuring food security.https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04268-wSustainable farmingSilica nanoparticlesPolyherbal formulationPromote plant growthStimulatory effectGreen nanotechnology
spellingShingle Dhanushwr Kumar
Ranjani Soundhararajan
Hemalatha Srinivasan
Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
Discover Nano
Sustainable farming
Silica nanoparticles
Polyherbal formulation
Promote plant growth
Stimulatory effect
Green nanotechnology
title Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
title_full Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
title_fullStr Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
title_full_unstemmed Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
title_short Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata
title_sort green synthesis and characterization of triphala sio2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in vigna radiata
topic Sustainable farming
Silica nanoparticles
Polyherbal formulation
Promote plant growth
Stimulatory effect
Green nanotechnology
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04268-w
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AT hemalathasrinivasan greensynthesisandcharacterizationoftriphalasio2nanoparticlesandscreeningtheefficacyongrowthandbiochemicalconstituentsinvignaradiata