The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i>
Improving floral scent quality is an important goal in <i>Malus</i> breeding. However, the inheritance regularity for volatile components of <i>Malus</i> remains unclear. In this study, the floral scent compounds and scent characteristics of five <i>Malus</i> taxa...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Junjun Fan Yu Zai Ye Peng Qin Peng Meng Sun Qingqing Xiong Jingze Ma Chenchen Zhou Wangxiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Junjun Fan Yu Zai Ye Peng Qin Peng Meng Sun Qingqing Xiong Jingze Ma Chenchen Zhou Wangxiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Junjun Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Improving floral scent quality is an important goal in <i>Malus</i> breeding. However, the inheritance regularity for volatile components of <i>Malus</i> remains unclear. In this study, the floral scent compounds and scent characteristics of five <i>Malus</i> taxa with clearly defined parent–progeny relationships were analyzed by sensory evaluation, an electronic nose, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 51 volatile compounds were identified in five taxa. <i>M. ioensis</i> showed the highest sensory intensity with the maximum total content of compounds (8247.59 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> FW·h<sup>−1</sup>). Compared to its progenies and ‘Lemoinei’, terpenoid compounds in <i>M. ioensis</i> accounted for the largest proportion (40.46%). Most compounds in the progenies were inherited from their maternal parent (60.61–75.00%), and most of them were significantly downregulated by hybridization. However, the content of several compounds in the progenies appeared transgressive, even unique. Progenies and their maternal parents exhibited similar sensory characteristics: earthy/woody, sweet, and rose. The content of characteristic compounds (geranylacetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-phenylethanol, α-ionone, β-ionone, decanal, and so on), total content, and the response of sensor W3S positively correlated with scent intensity. The response of sensor W1W correlated significantly and positively with the compound number and the total content. Our findings provided a reference for tracking maternal parents for cultivars and enabled rapid selection of fragrant flower cultivars by electronic nose. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9136a4fd70c494d99682ee58688d0ff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-a9136a4fd70c494d99682ee58688d0ff2025-01-24T13:16:29ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011514510.3390/agronomy15010045The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i>Junjun Fan0Yu Zai1Ye Peng2Qin Peng3Meng Sun4Qingqing Xiong5Jingze Ma6Chenchen Zhou7Wangxiang Zhang8College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaImproving floral scent quality is an important goal in <i>Malus</i> breeding. However, the inheritance regularity for volatile components of <i>Malus</i> remains unclear. In this study, the floral scent compounds and scent characteristics of five <i>Malus</i> taxa with clearly defined parent–progeny relationships were analyzed by sensory evaluation, an electronic nose, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 51 volatile compounds were identified in five taxa. <i>M. ioensis</i> showed the highest sensory intensity with the maximum total content of compounds (8247.59 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> FW·h<sup>−1</sup>). Compared to its progenies and ‘Lemoinei’, terpenoid compounds in <i>M. ioensis</i> accounted for the largest proportion (40.46%). Most compounds in the progenies were inherited from their maternal parent (60.61–75.00%), and most of them were significantly downregulated by hybridization. However, the content of several compounds in the progenies appeared transgressive, even unique. Progenies and their maternal parents exhibited similar sensory characteristics: earthy/woody, sweet, and rose. The content of characteristic compounds (geranylacetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-phenylethanol, α-ionone, β-ionone, decanal, and so on), total content, and the response of sensor W3S positively correlated with scent intensity. The response of sensor W1W correlated significantly and positively with the compound number and the total content. Our findings provided a reference for tracking maternal parents for cultivars and enabled rapid selection of fragrant flower cultivars by electronic nose.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/45crabapplesensory evaluationelectronic noseGC–MSinheritance regularityfloral scent |
| spellingShingle | Junjun Fan Yu Zai Ye Peng Qin Peng Meng Sun Qingqing Xiong Jingze Ma Chenchen Zhou Wangxiang Zhang The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> Agronomy crabapple sensory evaluation electronic nose GC–MS inheritance regularity floral scent |
| title | The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> |
| title_full | The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> |
| title_short | The Inheritance and Variation of Floral Scent Compounds in Parent–Progeny Relationships of <i>Malus</i> |
| title_sort | inheritance and variation of floral scent compounds in parent progeny relationships of i malus i |
| topic | crabapple sensory evaluation electronic nose GC–MS inheritance regularity floral scent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/45 |
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