Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples

Defects in numerous aspects of purine metabolism are well-recognized causes for human diseases. The applicability of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detection for analysis of the most abundant biological relevant purines metabolites is described. This metho...

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Main Authors: Rong Fu, Diane J. Sutcliffe, Ashok R. Dinasarapu, Ellen J. Hess, H. A. Jinnah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Analytical Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frans.2025.1600781/full
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author Rong Fu
Diane J. Sutcliffe
Ashok R. Dinasarapu
Ellen J. Hess
Ellen J. Hess
H. A. Jinnah
H. A. Jinnah
author_facet Rong Fu
Diane J. Sutcliffe
Ashok R. Dinasarapu
Ellen J. Hess
Ellen J. Hess
H. A. Jinnah
H. A. Jinnah
author_sort Rong Fu
collection DOAJ
description Defects in numerous aspects of purine metabolism are well-recognized causes for human diseases. The applicability of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detection for analysis of the most abundant biological relevant purines metabolites is described. This method was optimized to resolve and quantify 15 purine metabolites including ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, adenine, GTP, GDP, GMP, IMP, ZMP, guanosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, xanthine and uric acid in 33 min with a 5 μL injection volume. With purified standards, the detection was linear in a range from 0.1 to 100 μM. The within-run and between-run variances were <2% overall, indicating excellent reproducibility and reliability. Samples from cultured human cells were prepared to assess the applicability of the method in biological samples. When compared to normal cell lines, mutant cell lines in which purine salvage was absent showed small or no changes for most intracellular purines. Conditioned medium contained no detectable purines, except for hypoxanthine, which was elevated in the mutant lines as expected. Compared to previous methods, this new UPLC-PDA method provides better resolution of key purine metabolites, higher sensitivity with a smaller sample size and half the run time. Similar to prior methods, the new method appears well suited to the simultaneous analysis of the most abundant biologically relevant purines in biological samples.
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spelling doaj-art-a90fbdbe0d284dc48f5fc8174ac496812025-08-20T03:56:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Analytical Science2673-92832025-07-01510.3389/frans.2025.16007811600781Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samplesRong Fu0Diane J. Sutcliffe1Ashok R. Dinasarapu2Ellen J. Hess3Ellen J. Hess4H. A. Jinnah5H. A. Jinnah6HPLC Bioanalytical Core, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHPLC Bioanalytical Core, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHPLC Bioanalytical Core, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDefects in numerous aspects of purine metabolism are well-recognized causes for human diseases. The applicability of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detection for analysis of the most abundant biological relevant purines metabolites is described. This method was optimized to resolve and quantify 15 purine metabolites including ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, adenine, GTP, GDP, GMP, IMP, ZMP, guanosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, xanthine and uric acid in 33 min with a 5 μL injection volume. With purified standards, the detection was linear in a range from 0.1 to 100 μM. The within-run and between-run variances were <2% overall, indicating excellent reproducibility and reliability. Samples from cultured human cells were prepared to assess the applicability of the method in biological samples. When compared to normal cell lines, mutant cell lines in which purine salvage was absent showed small or no changes for most intracellular purines. Conditioned medium contained no detectable purines, except for hypoxanthine, which was elevated in the mutant lines as expected. Compared to previous methods, this new UPLC-PDA method provides better resolution of key purine metabolites, higher sensitivity with a smaller sample size and half the run time. Similar to prior methods, the new method appears well suited to the simultaneous analysis of the most abundant biologically relevant purines in biological samples.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frans.2025.1600781/fullpurineUPLC-PDAquantificationbiological samplehuman diseases
spellingShingle Rong Fu
Diane J. Sutcliffe
Ashok R. Dinasarapu
Ellen J. Hess
Ellen J. Hess
H. A. Jinnah
H. A. Jinnah
Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
Frontiers in Analytical Science
purine
UPLC-PDA
quantification
biological sample
human diseases
title Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
title_full Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
title_fullStr Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
title_short Comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
title_sort comprehensive measurement of purines in biological samples
topic purine
UPLC-PDA
quantification
biological sample
human diseases
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frans.2025.1600781/full
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