Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Introduction: Inflammation plays a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and anti-inflammatory drugs may help reduce the disease severity. Levamisole is an anthelmintic drug with immunomodulatory and possible antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of levamiso...

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Main Authors: Morteza Pourahmad, Rasool Soltani, Mohammad H Noroozi, Farzin Khorvash, Behrooz Ataei, Manijeh Shams, Fatemeh Nikokar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18659
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author Morteza Pourahmad
Rasool Soltani
Mohammad H Noroozi
Farzin Khorvash
Behrooz Ataei
Manijeh Shams
Fatemeh Nikokar
author_facet Morteza Pourahmad
Rasool Soltani
Mohammad H Noroozi
Farzin Khorvash
Behrooz Ataei
Manijeh Shams
Fatemeh Nikokar
author_sort Morteza Pourahmad
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Inflammation plays a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and anti-inflammatory drugs may help reduce the disease severity. Levamisole is an anthelmintic drug with immunomodulatory and possible antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of levamisole in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methodology: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, hospitalized patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 (arterial oxygen saturation < 90%) were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 41) or control (n = 45) groups. Levamisole 50 mg orally daily was prescribed for the first group until discharge or death, for a maximum of 7 days, along with other standard treatments. Only standard treatments were prescribed to the control group. Clinical response (either improvement or failure) at the end of the fifth and seventh days, changes in laboratory indices, length of hospitalization, and mortality rate during the study were evaluated and recorded. Results: The rate of clinical improvement in the experimental group was significantly more than in the control group on the fifth (97.6% vs. 58.7%, p < 0.001) and seventh (95.8% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.007) days. Furthermore, the mean length of hospital stays in the experimental group (8.39 ± 3.54 days) was significantly shorter than in the control group (10.78 ± 5.40 days, p = 0.024). No patients died during the study. Conclusions: Administering levamisole to hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 reduced hospitalization time and improved several clinical outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-a8f70e83251a4de0b7067d6ba70e1ef72025-08-20T02:27:22ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-12-011812.110.3855/jidc.18659Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trialMorteza Pourahmad0Rasool Soltani1Mohammad H Noroozi2Farzin Khorvash3Behrooz Ataei4Manijeh Shams5Fatemeh Nikokar6Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudents’ Research Committee, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNosocomial Infections Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranHygiene Unit, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudents’ Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Inflammation plays a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and anti-inflammatory drugs may help reduce the disease severity. Levamisole is an anthelmintic drug with immunomodulatory and possible antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of levamisole in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methodology: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, hospitalized patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 (arterial oxygen saturation < 90%) were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 41) or control (n = 45) groups. Levamisole 50 mg orally daily was prescribed for the first group until discharge or death, for a maximum of 7 days, along with other standard treatments. Only standard treatments were prescribed to the control group. Clinical response (either improvement or failure) at the end of the fifth and seventh days, changes in laboratory indices, length of hospitalization, and mortality rate during the study were evaluated and recorded. Results: The rate of clinical improvement in the experimental group was significantly more than in the control group on the fifth (97.6% vs. 58.7%, p < 0.001) and seventh (95.8% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.007) days. Furthermore, the mean length of hospital stays in the experimental group (8.39 ± 3.54 days) was significantly shorter than in the control group (10.78 ± 5.40 days, p = 0.024). No patients died during the study. Conclusions: Administering levamisole to hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 reduced hospitalization time and improved several clinical outcomes. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18659LevamisoleCOVID-19inflammationimmune responseclinical trial
spellingShingle Morteza Pourahmad
Rasool Soltani
Mohammad H Noroozi
Farzin Khorvash
Behrooz Ataei
Manijeh Shams
Fatemeh Nikokar
Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Levamisole
COVID-19
inflammation
immune response
clinical trial
title Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
title_full Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
title_fullStr Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
title_short Effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
title_sort effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of patients with severe covid 19 a randomized controlled clinical trial
topic Levamisole
COVID-19
inflammation
immune response
clinical trial
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18659
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