A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD

This review explores treatment approaches and therapies for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting adults, with symptoms often persisting from childhood into adulthood. The research examines the efficacy, tolerability, and accessibility of pharmacol...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zuzanna Gałuszka, Natalie Papachristoforou, Daria Michałka, Monika Makar, Tomasz Bartuś, Żaneta Góra, Emilia Bąk, Justyna Głowacka, Aleksandra Kocjan, Radosław Chmiel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-01-01
Series:Quality in Sport
Subjects:
Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57072
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1841537814588555264
author Zuzanna Gałuszka
Natalie Papachristoforou
Daria Michałka
Monika Makar
Tomasz Bartuś
Żaneta Góra
Emilia Bąk
Justyna Głowacka
Aleksandra Kocjan
Radosław Chmiel
author_facet Zuzanna Gałuszka
Natalie Papachristoforou
Daria Michałka
Monika Makar
Tomasz Bartuś
Żaneta Góra
Emilia Bąk
Justyna Głowacka
Aleksandra Kocjan
Radosław Chmiel
author_sort Zuzanna Gałuszka
collection DOAJ
description This review explores treatment approaches and therapies for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting adults, with symptoms often persisting from childhood into adulthood. The research examines the efficacy, tolerability, and accessibility of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. ADHD management necessitates a multimodal approach combining medications, behavioral therapies, and educational interventions tailored to individual needs. The analysis focuses on stimulant and non-stimulant medications, including methylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine, and alpha-2 agonists, with regional variations in treatment guidelines. Stimulants, primarily methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations, demonstrate robust efficacy in symptom reduction for patients. Non-stimulant options like atomoxetine are recommended for patients with contraindications to stimulants. Emerging formulations, such as extended-release medications, address tolerance and adherence challenges. Psychosocial interventions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), complement pharmacological treatments by targeting organizational skills, emotional regulation, and comorbidities like anxiety and depression. Evidence suggests that combined approaches improve long-term functional outcomes, such as academic performance and interpersonal relationships. Despite advances, gaps in treatment access and the need for individualized care remain significant challenges. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research to optimize ADHD management strategies and ensure equitable access to effective therapies worldwide.
format Article
id doaj-art-a8ee09be4119463fb850f2c8e5aff37a
institution Kabale University
issn 2450-3118
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
series Quality in Sport
spelling doaj-art-a8ee09be4119463fb850f2c8e5aff37a2025-01-14T08:22:50ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-01-013710.12775/QS.2025.37.57072A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHDZuzanna Gałuszka0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1729-2146Natalie Papachristoforou1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8417-3794Daria Michałka2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6812-6543Monika Makar3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8023-6964Tomasz Bartuś4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3980-3191Żaneta Góra5https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3859-9786Emilia Bąk6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-4063Justyna Głowacka7https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8289-8822Aleksandra Kocjan8https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5740-6867Radosław Chmiel9https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2726-6207SPZOZ Myślenice: Myślenice, Poland, PLSP ZOZ MSWiA Hospital in Kraków, Kronikarza Galla 25 street, 30-053 KrakówNZOZ „Centrum Zdrowia i Profilaktyki Dąbie” sp. z o. o., Widok 31 street, 31-567 KrakówNiepołomickie Centrum Profilaktyczno- Lecznicze, Stefana Batorego 41C street, 32-005 NiepołomiceAndrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Kraków, Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1 street, 30-705 KrakówStefan Żeromski Specialist Hospital in Kraków, Osiedle Na Skarpie 66 street, 31-913 KrakówSP ZOZ MSWiA Hospital in Kraków, Kronikarza Galla 25 street, 30-053 KrakówGabriel Narutowicz Municipal Hospital in Kraków, Prądnicka 35 street, 31-202 KrakówLudwik Rydygier Specialist Hospital, Osiedle Złotej Jesieni 1 street, 31-820 KrakówSP ZOZ MSWiA Hospital in Kraków, Kronikarza Galla 25 street, 30-053 KrakówThis review explores treatment approaches and therapies for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting adults, with symptoms often persisting from childhood into adulthood. The research examines the efficacy, tolerability, and accessibility of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. ADHD management necessitates a multimodal approach combining medications, behavioral therapies, and educational interventions tailored to individual needs. The analysis focuses on stimulant and non-stimulant medications, including methylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine, and alpha-2 agonists, with regional variations in treatment guidelines. Stimulants, primarily methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations, demonstrate robust efficacy in symptom reduction for patients. Non-stimulant options like atomoxetine are recommended for patients with contraindications to stimulants. Emerging formulations, such as extended-release medications, address tolerance and adherence challenges. Psychosocial interventions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), complement pharmacological treatments by targeting organizational skills, emotional regulation, and comorbidities like anxiety and depression. Evidence suggests that combined approaches improve long-term functional outcomes, such as academic performance and interpersonal relationships. Despite advances, gaps in treatment access and the need for individualized care remain significant challenges. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research to optimize ADHD management strategies and ensure equitable access to effective therapies worldwide. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57072attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)neurodevelopmental disorderpharmacological treatmentstimulantsnon-stimulantscognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),
spellingShingle Zuzanna Gałuszka
Natalie Papachristoforou
Daria Michałka
Monika Makar
Tomasz Bartuś
Żaneta Góra
Emilia Bąk
Justyna Głowacka
Aleksandra Kocjan
Radosław Chmiel
A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
Quality in Sport
attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
neurodevelopmental disorder
pharmacological treatment
stimulants
non-stimulants
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),
title A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
title_full A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
title_fullStr A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
title_full_unstemmed A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
title_short A Review of Treatment Methods and Available Therapies for Individuals with ADHD
title_sort review of treatment methods and available therapies for individuals with adhd
topic attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
neurodevelopmental disorder
pharmacological treatment
stimulants
non-stimulants
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57072
work_keys_str_mv AT zuzannagałuszka areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT nataliepapachristoforou areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT dariamichałka areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT monikamakar areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT tomaszbartus areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT zanetagora areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT emiliabak areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT justynagłowacka areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT aleksandrakocjan areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT radosławchmiel areviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT zuzannagałuszka reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT nataliepapachristoforou reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT dariamichałka reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT monikamakar reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT tomaszbartus reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT zanetagora reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT emiliabak reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT justynagłowacka reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT aleksandrakocjan reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd
AT radosławchmiel reviewoftreatmentmethodsandavailabletherapiesforindividualswithadhd