Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry

Abstract Pupillometry research has established that pupil size reflects cognitive processes through autonomic nervous system activity, with high arousal triggering pupil dilation. Studies examining pupil size during encoding have yielded conflicting results regarding its relationship with subsequent...

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Main Authors: Oria Pitem, Yaniv Mama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09703-7
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author Oria Pitem
Yaniv Mama
author_facet Oria Pitem
Yaniv Mama
author_sort Oria Pitem
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Pupillometry research has established that pupil size reflects cognitive processes through autonomic nervous system activity, with high arousal triggering pupil dilation. Studies examining pupil size during encoding have yielded conflicting results regarding its relationship with subsequent memory performance, and few have investigated baseline pupil size. This study examined whether pupil diameter before and during stimulus presentation predicts memory performance. We hypothesized that successfully recalled words would be associated with larger pupils than forgotten words, based on the role of arousal and attention in memory formation. To test these hypotheses, we conducted two experiments in which we tracked ninety-five psychology students’ eyes while they performed a long-term memory test. The results depict larger pupil size while studying later successfully retrieved words. Interestingly, this phenomenon also occurs before word presentation (during baseline), which supports the “readiness to remember” (R2R) framework. This implies that pupillary changes while preparing to encode information can indicate later memory performance.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-a8e1c62987ee41d583e74d60caa502e92025-08-20T03:45:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511810.1038/s41598-025-09703-7Predicting long-term memory via pupillometryOria Pitem0Yaniv Mama1Department of Psychology, Ariel UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Ariel UniversityAbstract Pupillometry research has established that pupil size reflects cognitive processes through autonomic nervous system activity, with high arousal triggering pupil dilation. Studies examining pupil size during encoding have yielded conflicting results regarding its relationship with subsequent memory performance, and few have investigated baseline pupil size. This study examined whether pupil diameter before and during stimulus presentation predicts memory performance. We hypothesized that successfully recalled words would be associated with larger pupils than forgotten words, based on the role of arousal and attention in memory formation. To test these hypotheses, we conducted two experiments in which we tracked ninety-five psychology students’ eyes while they performed a long-term memory test. The results depict larger pupil size while studying later successfully retrieved words. Interestingly, this phenomenon also occurs before word presentation (during baseline), which supports the “readiness to remember” (R2R) framework. This implies that pupillary changes while preparing to encode information can indicate later memory performance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09703-7PupillometryAttentionLong-term memoryArousalEncoding
spellingShingle Oria Pitem
Yaniv Mama
Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
Scientific Reports
Pupillometry
Attention
Long-term memory
Arousal
Encoding
title Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
title_full Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
title_fullStr Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
title_full_unstemmed Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
title_short Predicting long-term memory via pupillometry
title_sort predicting long term memory via pupillometry
topic Pupillometry
Attention
Long-term memory
Arousal
Encoding
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09703-7
work_keys_str_mv AT oriapitem predictinglongtermmemoryviapupillometry
AT yanivmama predictinglongtermmemoryviapupillometry