Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Household debt plays a crucial role in influencing the performance of the economy and its vulnerability to shocks. This study synthesises studies on this topic. We used the systematic literature review technique to analyse 97 studies from the EBSCO, Google Scholars, Sabinet African Journals, SAGE, S...

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Main Authors: Cloudio Kumbirai Chikeya, Lungile Ntsalaze
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Economies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/3/76
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author Cloudio Kumbirai Chikeya
Lungile Ntsalaze
author_facet Cloudio Kumbirai Chikeya
Lungile Ntsalaze
author_sort Cloudio Kumbirai Chikeya
collection DOAJ
description Household debt plays a crucial role in influencing the performance of the economy and its vulnerability to shocks. This study synthesises studies on this topic. We used the systematic literature review technique to analyse 97 studies from the EBSCO, Google Scholars, Sabinet African Journals, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, and Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2024. The results reveal that country-level and household-specific factors are important in explaining debt. We delineate supply-side and demand factors that drive debt. Country-level factors that explain indebtedness include housing prices, unemployment, economic growth, interest rates, inflation, and income levels. At the household level, factors such as education level, behaviour, social status, employment, house prices, income, family size, occupation, wealth, and marital status explain indebtedness. Policies impact loan types differently; therefore, due consideration should be taken and prescriptions should aim to address both supply and demand factors. Future studies should rely on AI-driven methods and techniques that utilise natural language processing capabilities such as sentiment analysis in order to handle large data sets and ensure objectivity.
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spelling doaj-art-a8d1697d08154bcd8ae62ff7bb5783e32025-08-20T03:43:02ZengMDPI AGEconomies2227-70992025-03-011337610.3390/economies13030076Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the LiteratureCloudio Kumbirai Chikeya0Lungile Ntsalaze1Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South AfricaCollege for Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South AfricaHousehold debt plays a crucial role in influencing the performance of the economy and its vulnerability to shocks. This study synthesises studies on this topic. We used the systematic literature review technique to analyse 97 studies from the EBSCO, Google Scholars, Sabinet African Journals, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, and Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2024. The results reveal that country-level and household-specific factors are important in explaining debt. We delineate supply-side and demand factors that drive debt. Country-level factors that explain indebtedness include housing prices, unemployment, economic growth, interest rates, inflation, and income levels. At the household level, factors such as education level, behaviour, social status, employment, house prices, income, family size, occupation, wealth, and marital status explain indebtedness. Policies impact loan types differently; therefore, due consideration should be taken and prescriptions should aim to address both supply and demand factors. Future studies should rely on AI-driven methods and techniques that utilise natural language processing capabilities such as sentiment analysis in order to handle large data sets and ensure objectivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/3/76householdindebtednesssystematic literature reviewhouse pricesinterest ratesfamily size
spellingShingle Cloudio Kumbirai Chikeya
Lungile Ntsalaze
Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Economies
household
indebtedness
systematic literature review
house prices
interest rates
family size
title Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
title_full Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
title_short Determinants of Household Debt: A Systematic Review of the Literature
title_sort determinants of household debt a systematic review of the literature
topic household
indebtedness
systematic literature review
house prices
interest rates
family size
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/3/76
work_keys_str_mv AT cloudiokumbiraichikeya determinantsofhouseholddebtasystematicreviewoftheliterature
AT lungilentsalaze determinantsofhouseholddebtasystematicreviewoftheliterature