Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults
Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02132-y |
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| author | Guo-Jian Yang Mei Lu Rui-Rui Chen Shuang-Qing Wang Sheng Wan Xue-Dong Song Guo-Ping Cao Lei Lv Xue-Juan He Bing-Dong Zhan Mai-Juan Ma |
| author_facet | Guo-Jian Yang Mei Lu Rui-Rui Chen Shuang-Qing Wang Sheng Wan Xue-Dong Song Guo-Ping Cao Lei Lv Xue-Juan He Bing-Dong Zhan Mai-Juan Ma |
| author_sort | Guo-Jian Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged >65 years against these newly emerged variants. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate and compare neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB-containing protein-based vaccines (trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine, bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine, and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccine) head-to-head in 90 individuals aged >65 years. The results showed that all three XBB-containing vaccines substantially enhanced the neutralizing antibody response, with 100% of vaccinees having detectable antibody titers against ancestral D614G and variants BA.5, XBB.1.5, JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 after booster immunization. Subsequent analysis indicated that the trivalent XBB.1.5 and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccines elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine. The KP.2 and KP.3 variants displayed antibody resistance comparable to the JN.1 variant. Older adults produce similar neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccines regardless of their underlying medical conditions. These findings indicate that booster vaccination with XBB-containing vaccines can effectively elicit strong neutralizing responses against a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults over 65 years, which will help guide vaccine strategies in this elderly population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8cf59a9280549f7bc103df94e1f5ec9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8cf59a9280549f7bc103df94e1f5ec92025-02-09T12:56:31ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352025-02-0110111110.1038/s41392-025-02132-yNeutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adultsGuo-Jian Yang0Mei Lu1Rui-Rui Chen2Shuang-Qing Wang3Sheng Wan4Xue-Dong Song5Guo-Ping Cao6Lei Lv7Xue-Juan He8Bing-Dong Zhan9Mai-Juan Ma10Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityKaihua Center for Disease Control and PreventionState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical SciencesDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical SciencesDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical SciencesDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityAbstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged >65 years against these newly emerged variants. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate and compare neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB-containing protein-based vaccines (trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine, bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine, and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccine) head-to-head in 90 individuals aged >65 years. The results showed that all three XBB-containing vaccines substantially enhanced the neutralizing antibody response, with 100% of vaccinees having detectable antibody titers against ancestral D614G and variants BA.5, XBB.1.5, JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 after booster immunization. Subsequent analysis indicated that the trivalent XBB.1.5 and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccines elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine. The KP.2 and KP.3 variants displayed antibody resistance comparable to the JN.1 variant. Older adults produce similar neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccines regardless of their underlying medical conditions. These findings indicate that booster vaccination with XBB-containing vaccines can effectively elicit strong neutralizing responses against a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults over 65 years, which will help guide vaccine strategies in this elderly population.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02132-y |
| spellingShingle | Guo-Jian Yang Mei Lu Rui-Rui Chen Shuang-Qing Wang Sheng Wan Xue-Dong Song Guo-Ping Cao Lei Lv Xue-Juan He Bing-Dong Zhan Mai-Juan Ma Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults |
| title_full | Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults |
| title_fullStr | Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults |
| title_short | Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults |
| title_sort | neutralizing antibody responses to three xbb protein vaccines in older adults |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02132-y |
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