Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications

This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based sensors, with a particular focus on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for biosensing. With their ability to modify core and cladding structures, PCFs offer exceptional control ove...

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Main Authors: Ayushman Ramola, Amit Kumar Shakya, Vinay Kumar, Arik Bergman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/747
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author Ayushman Ramola
Amit Kumar Shakya
Vinay Kumar
Arik Bergman
author_facet Ayushman Ramola
Amit Kumar Shakya
Vinay Kumar
Arik Bergman
author_sort Ayushman Ramola
collection DOAJ
description This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based sensors, with a particular focus on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for biosensing. With their ability to modify core and cladding structures, PCFs offer exceptional control over light guidance, dispersion management, and light confinement, making them highly suitable for applications in refractive index (RI) sensing, biomedical imaging, and nonlinear optical phenomena such as fiber tapering and supercontinuum generation. SPR is a highly sensitive optical phenomenon, which is widely integrated with PCFs to enhance detection performance through strong plasmonic interactions at metal–dielectric interfaces. The combination of PCF and SPR technologies has led to the development of innovative sensor geometries, including D-shaped fibers, slotted-air-hole structures, and internal external metal coatings, each optimized for specific sensing goals. These PCF-SPR-based sensors have shown promising results in detecting biomolecular targets such as excess cholesterol, glucose, cancer cells, DNA, and proteins. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of key design parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR configurations, highlighting their comparative performance metrics and application prospects in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Thus, an exhaustive analysis of various sensing parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR sensors is presented and explored in this article.
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spelling doaj-art-a8c9ab46f8254e52a3e2cb5b165acfe62025-08-20T02:47:04ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-06-0116774710.3390/mi16070747Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and ApplicationsAyushman Ramola0Amit Kumar Shakya1Vinay Kumar2Arik Bergman3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201306, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelThis article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based sensors, with a particular focus on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for biosensing. With their ability to modify core and cladding structures, PCFs offer exceptional control over light guidance, dispersion management, and light confinement, making them highly suitable for applications in refractive index (RI) sensing, biomedical imaging, and nonlinear optical phenomena such as fiber tapering and supercontinuum generation. SPR is a highly sensitive optical phenomenon, which is widely integrated with PCFs to enhance detection performance through strong plasmonic interactions at metal–dielectric interfaces. The combination of PCF and SPR technologies has led to the development of innovative sensor geometries, including D-shaped fibers, slotted-air-hole structures, and internal external metal coatings, each optimized for specific sensing goals. These PCF-SPR-based sensors have shown promising results in detecting biomolecular targets such as excess cholesterol, glucose, cancer cells, DNA, and proteins. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of key design parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR configurations, highlighting their comparative performance metrics and application prospects in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Thus, an exhaustive analysis of various sensing parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR sensors is presented and explored in this article.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/747photonic crystal fiberrefractive indexsurface plasmon resonanceplasmonic materials
spellingShingle Ayushman Ramola
Amit Kumar Shakya
Vinay Kumar
Arik Bergman
Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
Micromachines
photonic crystal fiber
refractive index
surface plasmon resonance
plasmonic materials
title Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
title_full Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
title_short Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based SPR Biosensors: Design Strategies, Plasmonic Materials, and Applications
title_sort recent advances in photonic crystal fiber based spr biosensors design strategies plasmonic materials and applications
topic photonic crystal fiber
refractive index
surface plasmon resonance
plasmonic materials
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/747
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AT amitkumarshakya recentadvancesinphotoniccrystalfiberbasedsprbiosensorsdesignstrategiesplasmonicmaterialsandapplications
AT vinaykumar recentadvancesinphotoniccrystalfiberbasedsprbiosensorsdesignstrategiesplasmonicmaterialsandapplications
AT arikbergman recentadvancesinphotoniccrystalfiberbasedsprbiosensorsdesignstrategiesplasmonicmaterialsandapplications