Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy

Urban heat islands (UHIs) increase urban warming and reduce outdoor thermal comfort due to changing surface characteristics and climate change. This study investigates the role of green walls (GWs) in mitigating UHI, improving outdoor thermal comfort, and reducing carbon emissions under current and...

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Main Authors: Amir Dehghan Lotfabad, Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Paolo Dabove, Milad Heiranipour, Francesco Sommese
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/450
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author Amir Dehghan Lotfabad
Seyed Morteza Hosseini
Paolo Dabove
Milad Heiranipour
Francesco Sommese
author_facet Amir Dehghan Lotfabad
Seyed Morteza Hosseini
Paolo Dabove
Milad Heiranipour
Francesco Sommese
author_sort Amir Dehghan Lotfabad
collection DOAJ
description Urban heat islands (UHIs) increase urban warming and reduce outdoor thermal comfort due to changing surface characteristics and climate change. This study investigates the role of green walls (GWs) in mitigating UHI, improving outdoor thermal comfort, and reducing carbon emissions under current and future (2050) scenarios. Focusing on Via della Consolata, Turin, Italy, the study combines remote sensing for UHI detection and numerical simulations for thermal analysis during seasonal extremes. The results show that GWs slightly reduce air temperatures, with a maximum decrease of 1.6 °C in winter (2050), and have cooling effects on mean radiant temperature (up to 2.27 °C) during peak summer solar radiation. GWs also improve outdoor comfort, reducing the Universal Thermal Climate Index by 0.55 °C in the summer of 2050. The energy analysis shows that summer carbon emission intensity is reduced by 31%, despite winter heating demand increasing emissions by 45%. The study highlights the potential of GWs in urban climate adaptation, particularly in dense urban environments with low sky view factors. Seasonal optimization is crucial to balance cooling and heating energy demand. As cities face rising temperatures and heat waves, the integration of GWs offers a sustainable strategy to improve microclimate, reduce carbon emissions, and mitigate the effects of UHI.
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spelling doaj-art-a8b8ee193e574dce8173d44906cc4f002025-08-20T02:12:38ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-01-0115345010.3390/buildings15030450Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, ItalyAmir Dehghan Lotfabad0Seyed Morteza Hosseini1Paolo Dabove2Milad Heiranipour3Francesco Sommese4Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Architecture, Design & Media Technology, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, DenmarkDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, ItalyUrban heat islands (UHIs) increase urban warming and reduce outdoor thermal comfort due to changing surface characteristics and climate change. This study investigates the role of green walls (GWs) in mitigating UHI, improving outdoor thermal comfort, and reducing carbon emissions under current and future (2050) scenarios. Focusing on Via della Consolata, Turin, Italy, the study combines remote sensing for UHI detection and numerical simulations for thermal analysis during seasonal extremes. The results show that GWs slightly reduce air temperatures, with a maximum decrease of 1.6 °C in winter (2050), and have cooling effects on mean radiant temperature (up to 2.27 °C) during peak summer solar radiation. GWs also improve outdoor comfort, reducing the Universal Thermal Climate Index by 0.55 °C in the summer of 2050. The energy analysis shows that summer carbon emission intensity is reduced by 31%, despite winter heating demand increasing emissions by 45%. The study highlights the potential of GWs in urban climate adaptation, particularly in dense urban environments with low sky view factors. Seasonal optimization is crucial to balance cooling and heating energy demand. As cities face rising temperatures and heat waves, the integration of GWs offers a sustainable strategy to improve microclimate, reduce carbon emissions, and mitigate the effects of UHI.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/450air temperatureclimate changegreen wallmean radiant temperatureurban heat island
spellingShingle Amir Dehghan Lotfabad
Seyed Morteza Hosseini
Paolo Dabove
Milad Heiranipour
Francesco Sommese
Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
Buildings
air temperature
climate change
green wall
mean radiant temperature
urban heat island
title Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
title_full Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
title_fullStr Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
title_short Impacts of Vertical Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction at the Urban Scale in Turin, Italy
title_sort impacts of vertical greenery on outdoor thermal comfort and carbon emission reduction at the urban scale in turin italy
topic air temperature
climate change
green wall
mean radiant temperature
urban heat island
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/450
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