Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment
Abstract Developing high-yielding and resilient maize hybrids is essential to ensure its sustainable production with the ongoing challenges of considerable shifts in global climate. This study aimed to explore genetic diversity among exotic and local maize inbred lines, evaluate their combining abil...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87021-8 |
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| author | Ahmed A. Galal Fatmah A. Safhi Nora M. Al Aboud Maha Aljabri Dmitry E. Kucher Mohamed M. Kamara Mohamed M. El-Mogy Omar M. Ibrahim Diaa Abd El-Moneim Abdallah A. Hassanin Mohamed El-Soda Elsayed Mansour Abdelraouf M. Ali |
| author_facet | Ahmed A. Galal Fatmah A. Safhi Nora M. Al Aboud Maha Aljabri Dmitry E. Kucher Mohamed M. Kamara Mohamed M. El-Mogy Omar M. Ibrahim Diaa Abd El-Moneim Abdallah A. Hassanin Mohamed El-Soda Elsayed Mansour Abdelraouf M. Ali |
| author_sort | Ahmed A. Galal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Developing high-yielding and resilient maize hybrids is essential to ensure its sustainable production with the ongoing challenges of considerable shifts in global climate. This study aimed to explore genetic diversity among exotic and local maize inbred lines, evaluate their combining ability, understand the genetic mechanisms influencing ear characteristics and grain yield, and identify superior hybrids suited for timely and late sowing conditions. Seven local and exotic maize inbred lines were genotyped using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers to assess their genetic diversity. These diverse lines were utilized to develop 21 F1 hybrids using a diallel mating design. These hybrids, alongside a high-yielding commercial check (SC-10), were evaluated under field conditions across two growing seasons under timely and late sowing conditions. The results showed that sowing date, assessed hybrids, and their interaction significantly influenced all measured agronomic traits. Notably, late sowing reduced plant height, ear characteristics, and, ultimately, grain yield. Several hybrids, particularly L101 × L103, L101 × L105, L104 × L105, and L104 × L107 under timely sowing, and L101 × L105 and L104 × L107 under late sowing, surpassed the agronomic performance of check commercial hybrid. Inbred lines L101 and L103 emerged as superior combiners for ear traits and yield, while line L106 showed promise for breeding shorter-stature plants. Hybrid combinations L101 × L105, L104 × L107, and L106 × L107 were identified as specific good combiners for grain yield and related traits under both sowing conditions, indicating their potential for commercial development. Strong positive associations were observed between grain yield and certain agronomic traits highlighting their utility for indirect selection in early breeding generations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8afa2de690d46b98e13e393072de33a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8afa2de690d46b98e13e393072de33a2025-08-20T02:56:09ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-87021-8Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environmentAhmed A. Galal0Fatmah A. Safhi1Nora M. Al Aboud2Maha Aljabri3Dmitry E. Kucher4Mohamed M. Kamara5Mohamed M. El-Mogy6Omar M. Ibrahim7Diaa Abd El-Moneim8Abdallah A. Hassanin9Mohamed El-Soda10Elsayed Mansour11Abdelraouf M. Ali12Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura UniversityDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN UniversityDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh UniversityDepartment of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal UniversityDepartment of Plant production, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish UniversityGenetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig UniversityDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig UniversityDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN UniversityAbstract Developing high-yielding and resilient maize hybrids is essential to ensure its sustainable production with the ongoing challenges of considerable shifts in global climate. This study aimed to explore genetic diversity among exotic and local maize inbred lines, evaluate their combining ability, understand the genetic mechanisms influencing ear characteristics and grain yield, and identify superior hybrids suited for timely and late sowing conditions. Seven local and exotic maize inbred lines were genotyped using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers to assess their genetic diversity. These diverse lines were utilized to develop 21 F1 hybrids using a diallel mating design. These hybrids, alongside a high-yielding commercial check (SC-10), were evaluated under field conditions across two growing seasons under timely and late sowing conditions. The results showed that sowing date, assessed hybrids, and their interaction significantly influenced all measured agronomic traits. Notably, late sowing reduced plant height, ear characteristics, and, ultimately, grain yield. Several hybrids, particularly L101 × L103, L101 × L105, L104 × L105, and L104 × L107 under timely sowing, and L101 × L105 and L104 × L107 under late sowing, surpassed the agronomic performance of check commercial hybrid. Inbred lines L101 and L103 emerged as superior combiners for ear traits and yield, while line L106 showed promise for breeding shorter-stature plants. Hybrid combinations L101 × L105, L104 × L107, and L106 × L107 were identified as specific good combiners for grain yield and related traits under both sowing conditions, indicating their potential for commercial development. Strong positive associations were observed between grain yield and certain agronomic traits highlighting their utility for indirect selection in early breeding generations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87021-8Diallel mating designHybrid yield performanceClimate adaptabilityCombining abilityPlant breeding strategiesSSR markers |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed A. Galal Fatmah A. Safhi Nora M. Al Aboud Maha Aljabri Dmitry E. Kucher Mohamed M. Kamara Mohamed M. El-Mogy Omar M. Ibrahim Diaa Abd El-Moneim Abdallah A. Hassanin Mohamed El-Soda Elsayed Mansour Abdelraouf M. Ali Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment Scientific Reports Diallel mating design Hybrid yield performance Climate adaptability Combining ability Plant breeding strategies SSR markers |
| title | Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| title_full | Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| title_fullStr | Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| title_short | Molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| title_sort | molecular diversity and genetic potential of new maize inbred lines across varying sowing conditions in arid environment |
| topic | Diallel mating design Hybrid yield performance Climate adaptability Combining ability Plant breeding strategies SSR markers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87021-8 |
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