Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Abstract Background Kinematic alignment (KA) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), which has not been widely adopted in clinical practice, aims to implant a more personalized and physiologically compatible mobile-bearing UKA prosthesis for the treatment of advanced single compartment knee osteoa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05659-6 |
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| _version_ | 1849774355784925184 |
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| author | Chong Li Mengyu Chen XiangYing Wang SongHua Yan Kuan Zhang Ji Zhou Zeng |
| author_facet | Chong Li Mengyu Chen XiangYing Wang SongHua Yan Kuan Zhang Ji Zhou Zeng |
| author_sort | Chong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Kinematic alignment (KA) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), which has not been widely adopted in clinical practice, aims to implant a more personalized and physiologically compatible mobile-bearing UKA prosthesis for the treatment of advanced single compartment knee osteoarthritis. KA UKA is anticipated to enhance patient satisfaction and decrease the revision rate following UKA. However, its quantified biomechanical indicators remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to reveal the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint in normal and KA UKA knees, and to evaluate the biomechanical effect. Methods In this study, six cadaveric knee joint specimens were utilized for biomechanical testing before (normal cadaveric knee joint specimen ) and after KA UKA. The knee joint specimens were subjected to an axial load of 1000 N, and the biomechanical parameters were assessed at flexion angles ranging from 0° to 120° in 10° increments. Results The root mean square (RMS) values of the tibiofemoral contact area, mean contact pressure, and peak contact pressure during knee flexion were 529 mm², 1.8 MPa, and 4.5 MPa in normal knees, respectively. After KA UKA, these values changed to 449 mm², 2.0 MPa, and 9.8 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the RMS value of the external rotation of the femur relative to the tibia in the tibiofemoral joint was 9.9° in normal knees, while the posterior translations of the center of the femoral condyle, the medial femoral condyle, and the lateral femoral condyle were 18.4 mm, 11.5 mm, and 25.4 mm respectively. After KA UKA, these values changed to 8.6°, 19.3 mm, 12.9 mm, and 25.9 mm respectively. Conclusion At the same flexion angle, the increase in peak contact pressure in the medial compartment after KA UKA is the most significant compared with the normal knees. However, the kinematic characteristics do not change significantly after KA UKA. These findings are beneficial for understanding the possible postoperative complications and good functional effects of KA UKA. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8ab77e7c2d945789d174ec7bdb4da22 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8ab77e7c2d945789d174ec7bdb4da222025-08-20T03:01:43ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-03-012011910.1186/s13018-025-05659-6Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplastyChong Li0Mengyu Chen1XiangYing Wang2SongHua Yan3Kuan Zhang4Ji Zhou Zeng5Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical ScienceSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background Kinematic alignment (KA) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), which has not been widely adopted in clinical practice, aims to implant a more personalized and physiologically compatible mobile-bearing UKA prosthesis for the treatment of advanced single compartment knee osteoarthritis. KA UKA is anticipated to enhance patient satisfaction and decrease the revision rate following UKA. However, its quantified biomechanical indicators remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to reveal the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint in normal and KA UKA knees, and to evaluate the biomechanical effect. Methods In this study, six cadaveric knee joint specimens were utilized for biomechanical testing before (normal cadaveric knee joint specimen ) and after KA UKA. The knee joint specimens were subjected to an axial load of 1000 N, and the biomechanical parameters were assessed at flexion angles ranging from 0° to 120° in 10° increments. Results The root mean square (RMS) values of the tibiofemoral contact area, mean contact pressure, and peak contact pressure during knee flexion were 529 mm², 1.8 MPa, and 4.5 MPa in normal knees, respectively. After KA UKA, these values changed to 449 mm², 2.0 MPa, and 9.8 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the RMS value of the external rotation of the femur relative to the tibia in the tibiofemoral joint was 9.9° in normal knees, while the posterior translations of the center of the femoral condyle, the medial femoral condyle, and the lateral femoral condyle were 18.4 mm, 11.5 mm, and 25.4 mm respectively. After KA UKA, these values changed to 8.6°, 19.3 mm, 12.9 mm, and 25.9 mm respectively. Conclusion At the same flexion angle, the increase in peak contact pressure in the medial compartment after KA UKA is the most significant compared with the normal knees. However, the kinematic characteristics do not change significantly after KA UKA. These findings are beneficial for understanding the possible postoperative complications and good functional effects of KA UKA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05659-6Unicompartmental knee arthroplastyKinematic alignmentTibiofemoral jointBiomechanical testingCadaveric knee specimen |
| spellingShingle | Chong Li Mengyu Chen XiangYing Wang SongHua Yan Kuan Zhang Ji Zhou Zeng Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Kinematic alignment Tibiofemoral joint Biomechanical testing Cadaveric knee specimen |
| title | Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| title_full | Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| title_fullStr | Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| title_short | Research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| title_sort | research on the biomechanical characteristics of the tibiofemoral joint before and after kinematic alignment unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
| topic | Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Kinematic alignment Tibiofemoral joint Biomechanical testing Cadaveric knee specimen |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05659-6 |
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