Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm
Concrete in cold areas is often subjected to a freeze–thaw cycle period, and a harsh environment will seriously damage the structure of concrete and shorten its life. The frost resistance of concrete is primarily evaluated by relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate. To predict the frost...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Xuwei Dong Jiashuo Yuan Jinpeng Dai |
| author_facet | Xuwei Dong Jiashuo Yuan Jinpeng Dai |
| author_sort | Xuwei Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Concrete in cold areas is often subjected to a freeze–thaw cycle period, and a harsh environment will seriously damage the structure of concrete and shorten its life. The frost resistance of concrete is primarily evaluated by relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate. To predict the frost resistance of concrete more accurately, based on the four ensemble learning models of random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), this paper optimises the ensemble learning models by using a dynamic multi-stage optimisation algorithm (DMSOA). These models are trained using 7090 datasets, which use nine features as input variables; relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and mass loss rate (MLR) as prediction indices; and six indices of the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (CC), and standard deviation ratio (SDR) are selected to evaluate the models. The results show that the DMSOA-CatBoost model exhibits the best prediction performance. The R<sup>2</sup> of RDEM and MLR are 0.864 and 0.885, respectively, which are 6.40% and 11.15% higher than those of the original CatBoost model. Moreover, the model performs better in error control, with significantly lower MSE, RMSE, and MAE and stronger generalization ability. Additionally, compared with the two mainstream optimisation algorithms (SCA and AOA), DMSOA-CatBoost also has obvious advantages in prediction accuracy and stability. Related work in this paper has a certain significance for improving the durability and quality of concrete, which is conducive to predicting the performance of concrete in cold conditions faster and more accurately to optimise the concrete mix ratio whilst saving on engineering cost. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8a944694e074692afeacbf4dce2fc36 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4893 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| series | Algorithms |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8a944694e074692afeacbf4dce2fc362025-08-20T03:35:27ZengMDPI AGAlgorithms1999-48932025-07-0118744110.3390/a18070441Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation AlgorithmXuwei Dong0Jiashuo Yuan1Jinpeng Dai2Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaNational and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Road & Bridge Disaster Prevention and Control, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaConcrete in cold areas is often subjected to a freeze–thaw cycle period, and a harsh environment will seriously damage the structure of concrete and shorten its life. The frost resistance of concrete is primarily evaluated by relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate. To predict the frost resistance of concrete more accurately, based on the four ensemble learning models of random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), this paper optimises the ensemble learning models by using a dynamic multi-stage optimisation algorithm (DMSOA). These models are trained using 7090 datasets, which use nine features as input variables; relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and mass loss rate (MLR) as prediction indices; and six indices of the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (CC), and standard deviation ratio (SDR) are selected to evaluate the models. The results show that the DMSOA-CatBoost model exhibits the best prediction performance. The R<sup>2</sup> of RDEM and MLR are 0.864 and 0.885, respectively, which are 6.40% and 11.15% higher than those of the original CatBoost model. Moreover, the model performs better in error control, with significantly lower MSE, RMSE, and MAE and stronger generalization ability. Additionally, compared with the two mainstream optimisation algorithms (SCA and AOA), DMSOA-CatBoost also has obvious advantages in prediction accuracy and stability. Related work in this paper has a certain significance for improving the durability and quality of concrete, which is conducive to predicting the performance of concrete in cold conditions faster and more accurately to optimise the concrete mix ratio whilst saving on engineering cost.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/441concreterelative dynamic elastic modulusmass loss rateensemble learningdynamic multi-stage optimisation algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Xuwei Dong Jiashuo Yuan Jinpeng Dai Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm Algorithms concrete relative dynamic elastic modulus mass loss rate ensemble learning dynamic multi-stage optimisation algorithm |
| title | Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm |
| title_full | Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm |
| title_short | Frost Resistance Prediction of Concrete Based on Dynamic Multi-Stage Optimisation Algorithm |
| title_sort | frost resistance prediction of concrete based on dynamic multi stage optimisation algorithm |
| topic | concrete relative dynamic elastic modulus mass loss rate ensemble learning dynamic multi-stage optimisation algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/441 |
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