Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity

Abstract Concerns about climate change-influenced tree growth declines and world tree mortality raise questions about potential reductions in tree longevity. However, the global influences of climate and growth patterns on tree longevity remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 219,000 tree-ring w...

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Main Authors: Jiani Gao, Keyan Fang, Jing M. Chen, Jinbao Li, Sergio Rossi, Deliang Chen, Hans W. Linderholm, Jesús Julio Camarero, Jan Esper, Nicole K. Davi, Tsun Fung Au, Zhengtang Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02609-2
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author Jiani Gao
Keyan Fang
Jing M. Chen
Jinbao Li
Sergio Rossi
Deliang Chen
Hans W. Linderholm
Jesús Julio Camarero
Jan Esper
Nicole K. Davi
Tsun Fung Au
Zhengtang Guo
author_facet Jiani Gao
Keyan Fang
Jing M. Chen
Jinbao Li
Sergio Rossi
Deliang Chen
Hans W. Linderholm
Jesús Julio Camarero
Jan Esper
Nicole K. Davi
Tsun Fung Au
Zhengtang Guo
author_sort Jiani Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Concerns about climate change-influenced tree growth declines and world tree mortality raise questions about potential reductions in tree longevity. However, the global influences of climate and growth patterns on tree longevity remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 219,000 tree-ring widths from 4880 globe sites, encompassing 246 species, to investigate tree longevity patterns. Gymnosperms exhibited significantly greater average longevity (366 ± 240 years) than angiosperms (216 ± 81 years), with the oldest individual exceeded 3000 years. Globally, gymnosperm longevity was negatively correlated with precipitation. Arid-adapted trees exhibited significantly higher longevity, likely due to their conservative growth strategy, characterized by slow growth rates and enhanced drought resilience. Trees in harsh environments defined by high altitude, nutrient-poor soils, and minimal human impact were more likely to attain greater longevity. These findings highlight the impact of climate change on tree longevity and the necessity for targeted conservation strategies to protect these vital ecosystem components.
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series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-a8a6877768fe4e78acb1e40c01d33fb52025-08-20T03:06:09ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-07-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02609-2Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevityJiani Gao0Keyan Fang1Jing M. Chen2Jinbao Li3Sergio Rossi4Deliang Chen5Hans W. Linderholm6Jesús Julio Camarero7Jan Esper8Nicole K. Davi9Tsun Fung Au10Zhengtang Guo11Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal UniversityDepartment of Geography, The University of Hong KongLaboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à ChicoutimiDepartment of Earth System Science, Tsinghua UniversityRegional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of GothenburgInstituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityTree Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia UniversityInstitute for Global Change Biology, University of MichiganInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Concerns about climate change-influenced tree growth declines and world tree mortality raise questions about potential reductions in tree longevity. However, the global influences of climate and growth patterns on tree longevity remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 219,000 tree-ring widths from 4880 globe sites, encompassing 246 species, to investigate tree longevity patterns. Gymnosperms exhibited significantly greater average longevity (366 ± 240 years) than angiosperms (216 ± 81 years), with the oldest individual exceeded 3000 years. Globally, gymnosperm longevity was negatively correlated with precipitation. Arid-adapted trees exhibited significantly higher longevity, likely due to their conservative growth strategy, characterized by slow growth rates and enhanced drought resilience. Trees in harsh environments defined by high altitude, nutrient-poor soils, and minimal human impact were more likely to attain greater longevity. These findings highlight the impact of climate change on tree longevity and the necessity for targeted conservation strategies to protect these vital ecosystem components.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02609-2
spellingShingle Jiani Gao
Keyan Fang
Jing M. Chen
Jinbao Li
Sergio Rossi
Deliang Chen
Hans W. Linderholm
Jesús Julio Camarero
Jan Esper
Nicole K. Davi
Tsun Fung Au
Zhengtang Guo
Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
Communications Earth & Environment
title Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
title_full Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
title_fullStr Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
title_full_unstemmed Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
title_short Climate-driven patterns of global tree longevity
title_sort climate driven patterns of global tree longevity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02609-2
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