Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach

The study uses a computational method based on the finite element method (FEM) to examine the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluids containing ternary, di-, and mono-nanoparticles. Nanoparticle suspension in sodium alginate with nanoparticles (Cu,Fe3O4,GO) for studying the improvement in thermal...

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Main Authors: M. Nawaz, Abdelatif Salmi, Sayer Obaid Alharbi, A.S. Shflot
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500824X
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author M. Nawaz
Abdelatif Salmi
Sayer Obaid Alharbi
A.S. Shflot
author_facet M. Nawaz
Abdelatif Salmi
Sayer Obaid Alharbi
A.S. Shflot
author_sort M. Nawaz
collection DOAJ
description The study uses a computational method based on the finite element method (FEM) to examine the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluids containing ternary, di-, and mono-nanoparticles. Nanoparticle suspension in sodium alginate with nanoparticles (Cu,Fe3O4,GO) for studying the improvement in thermal conductivity of viscoplastic fluid and its non-Newtonian flow properties. This study develops a comprehensive theoretical model to evaluate heat transfer performance, taking into account rheological behavior, thermal properties, and nanoparticle interactions. Similarity variables are used to simplify the governing PDEs into ODEs in normalized form. To capture intricate flow and thermal patterns across a range of boundary conditions, FEM is used to iteratively solve the governing equations for momentum, and energy. Linear shape and weight functions are used in related weak forms. Galerkin approximations are substituted in residuals, and stiffness elements are derived. Picard linearization is used. The findings demonstrate how the kind, volume fraction, and distribution of nanoparticles affect the system's flow dynamics and thermal efficiency. Additionally, the study determines the best nanoparticle configurations to optimize thermal performance, providing information for engineering applications such as industrial heat exchangers and energy systems. It is observed that Sodium alginate with ternary nanoparticles has an optimized thermal transport rate in comparison with sodium alginate solutions without nanoparticles. It is further noted that nanoparticles (tri, di-, and mono) play a crucial role in enhancing the thermal transport capacity of the fluid (sodium alginate). The magnetic field is not a favorable agent for heat transfer in such fluids that exhibit Ohmic dissipation. Similarly, viscous dissipation also affects the thermal transport rate adversely. Bingham number involves the yield stress, and an increase in the implies an increase in yield stress. The visualizations obtained from numerical solutions related to thermal transport rate predict that the wall heat transfer rate increases better as it increases.
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spelling doaj-art-a8a610f2edd74fc78b288a864ffc65242025-08-20T02:44:50ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310656410.1016/j.csite.2025.106564Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approachM. Nawaz0Abdelatif Salmi1Sayer Obaid Alharbi2A.S. Shflot3Mathematics of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Space Technology, P.O. Box 2750, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Corresponding author.Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi ArabiaMathematics Department, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaThe study uses a computational method based on the finite element method (FEM) to examine the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluids containing ternary, di-, and mono-nanoparticles. Nanoparticle suspension in sodium alginate with nanoparticles (Cu,Fe3O4,GO) for studying the improvement in thermal conductivity of viscoplastic fluid and its non-Newtonian flow properties. This study develops a comprehensive theoretical model to evaluate heat transfer performance, taking into account rheological behavior, thermal properties, and nanoparticle interactions. Similarity variables are used to simplify the governing PDEs into ODEs in normalized form. To capture intricate flow and thermal patterns across a range of boundary conditions, FEM is used to iteratively solve the governing equations for momentum, and energy. Linear shape and weight functions are used in related weak forms. Galerkin approximations are substituted in residuals, and stiffness elements are derived. Picard linearization is used. The findings demonstrate how the kind, volume fraction, and distribution of nanoparticles affect the system's flow dynamics and thermal efficiency. Additionally, the study determines the best nanoparticle configurations to optimize thermal performance, providing information for engineering applications such as industrial heat exchangers and energy systems. It is observed that Sodium alginate with ternary nanoparticles has an optimized thermal transport rate in comparison with sodium alginate solutions without nanoparticles. It is further noted that nanoparticles (tri, di-, and mono) play a crucial role in enhancing the thermal transport capacity of the fluid (sodium alginate). The magnetic field is not a favorable agent for heat transfer in such fluids that exhibit Ohmic dissipation. Similarly, viscous dissipation also affects the thermal transport rate adversely. Bingham number involves the yield stress, and an increase in the implies an increase in yield stress. The visualizations obtained from numerical solutions related to thermal transport rate predict that the wall heat transfer rate increases better as it increases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500824XTernary nanoparticlesThermal efficiencyViscoelastic rheologyThermal enhancementImproved heat transfer rateWall shear stress
spellingShingle M. Nawaz
Abdelatif Salmi
Sayer Obaid Alharbi
A.S. Shflot
Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Ternary nanoparticles
Thermal efficiency
Viscoelastic rheology
Thermal enhancement
Improved heat transfer rate
Wall shear stress
title Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
title_full Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
title_fullStr Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
title_full_unstemmed Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
title_short Numerical-based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
title_sort numerical based theoretical investigation on the thermal efficiency of viscoplastic fluid suspended with ternary nanoparticles using the finite element approach
topic Ternary nanoparticles
Thermal efficiency
Viscoelastic rheology
Thermal enhancement
Improved heat transfer rate
Wall shear stress
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500824X
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