Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Recent evidence highlights the crucial role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TNBC progression, yet their molecular characteristics remain incompletely under...

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Main Authors: Jun Zou, Jingyao Zhang, Yu Li, Baowen Yuan, Yuanyi Wang, Yalong Qi, Qian Wang, Wan Qin, Xianglin Yuan, Binghe Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03867-y
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author Jun Zou
Jingyao Zhang
Yu Li
Baowen Yuan
Yuanyi Wang
Yalong Qi
Qian Wang
Wan Qin
Xianglin Yuan
Binghe Xu
author_facet Jun Zou
Jingyao Zhang
Yu Li
Baowen Yuan
Yuanyi Wang
Yalong Qi
Qian Wang
Wan Qin
Xianglin Yuan
Binghe Xu
author_sort Jun Zou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Recent evidence highlights the crucial role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TNBC progression, yet their molecular characteristics remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining bioinformatics approaches with experimental validation to investigate CAF-related genes in TNBC. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of TNBC samples from TCGA and METABRIC datasets, we identified 185 CAF-related genes significantly associated with extracellular matrix organization and TGF-β signaling pathways. Through rigorous statistical modeling, we developed a 3-gene prognostic signature (CERCAM, JAM3, PLAU) that effectively stratified TNBC patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct survival outcomes. Importantly, we validated the functional role of PLAU, one of the signature genes, through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results showed that CAF-derived PLAU played key role in the malignant behaviors of TNBC. Our findings provide new insights into CAF-mediated TNBC progression and suggest potential stromal targets for therapeutic intervention.
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issn 1475-2867
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Cancer Cell International
spelling doaj-art-a898f846bd5f43ecaf46b3d9fe0e869d2025-08-20T03:42:10ZengBMCCancer Cell International1475-28672025-07-0125111610.1186/s12935-025-03867-yStromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancerJun Zou0Jingyao Zhang1Yu Li2Baowen Yuan3Yuanyi Wang4Yalong Qi5Qian Wang6Wan Qin7Xianglin Yuan8Binghe Xu9Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeAbstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Recent evidence highlights the crucial role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TNBC progression, yet their molecular characteristics remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining bioinformatics approaches with experimental validation to investigate CAF-related genes in TNBC. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of TNBC samples from TCGA and METABRIC datasets, we identified 185 CAF-related genes significantly associated with extracellular matrix organization and TGF-β signaling pathways. Through rigorous statistical modeling, we developed a 3-gene prognostic signature (CERCAM, JAM3, PLAU) that effectively stratified TNBC patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct survival outcomes. Importantly, we validated the functional role of PLAU, one of the signature genes, through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results showed that CAF-derived PLAU played key role in the malignant behaviors of TNBC. Our findings provide new insights into CAF-mediated TNBC progression and suggest potential stromal targets for therapeutic intervention.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03867-yTNBCCancer-associated fibroblastsPrognostic signaturePLAUTumor microenvironment
spellingShingle Jun Zou
Jingyao Zhang
Yu Li
Baowen Yuan
Yuanyi Wang
Yalong Qi
Qian Wang
Wan Qin
Xianglin Yuan
Binghe Xu
Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
Cancer Cell International
TNBC
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
Prognostic signature
PLAU
Tumor microenvironment
title Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_full Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_fullStr Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_full_unstemmed Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_short Stromal PLAU mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_sort stromal plau mediates tumor progression and informs a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer
topic TNBC
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
Prognostic signature
PLAU
Tumor microenvironment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03867-y
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