<i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> and Its Impact on <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Multistrain Infections in Contrasting Epidemiological Contexts

Bovine anaplasmosis is a disease caused by <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen with global distribution, primarily determined by the range of its vector. In Argentina, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> is the main species associated with <i>A. margi...

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Main Authors: Agustina E. Pérez, Eliana C. Guillemi, Nestor F. Sarmiento, Germán J. Cantón, Marisa D. Farber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/160
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Summary:Bovine anaplasmosis is a disease caused by <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen with global distribution, primarily determined by the range of its vector. In Argentina, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> is the main species associated with <i>A. marginale</i> transmission, even though this bacterium can also be mechanically transmitted. We studied complex infections (more than one <i>A. marginale</i> variant) in naturally infected bovines from two different epidemiological contexts: a region with the tick vector and a tick-free region. In the tick-free area, symptomatic infections were associated with a single <i>A. marginale</i> genotype, while asymptomatic bovines from the same herd remained chronically infected with a low number of genotype variants. By contrast, in the region where <i>R. microplus</i> is present, the only symptomatic bovine showed highly diverse infections, with 19 distinctive genotypes. Additionally, <i>A. marginale</i> genotypes were also detected in tick tissues. These findings, together with previous data, indicate that <i>R. microplus</i> harbors <i>A. marginale</i> populations that are maintained through tick generations by means of transovarial transmission. Furthermore, this tick species is responsible for maintaining <i>A. marginale</i> diversity in the bovine host over time through coinfection and superinfection events.
ISSN:2076-0817