Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics

Leaf and cambium phenologies are both important aspects of tree environmental adaptation in temperate areas. Temperate tree species with non-porous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous woods diverge substantially in the strategy of coping with freezing-induced hydraulic dysfunction, which can be closely...

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Main Authors: Ai-Ying Wang, Si-Qi Li, Han-Xiao Cui, Ya-Nan Liu, Yi-Jun Lu, Guang-You Hao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1562873/full
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author Ai-Ying Wang
Ai-Ying Wang
Si-Qi Li
Si-Qi Li
Han-Xiao Cui
Han-Xiao Cui
Ya-Nan Liu
Ya-Nan Liu
Yi-Jun Lu
Yi-Jun Lu
Guang-You Hao
author_facet Ai-Ying Wang
Ai-Ying Wang
Si-Qi Li
Si-Qi Li
Han-Xiao Cui
Han-Xiao Cui
Ya-Nan Liu
Ya-Nan Liu
Yi-Jun Lu
Yi-Jun Lu
Guang-You Hao
author_sort Ai-Ying Wang
collection DOAJ
description Leaf and cambium phenologies are both important aspects of tree environmental adaptation in temperate areas. Temperate tree species with non-porous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous woods diverge substantially in the strategy of coping with freezing-induced hydraulic dysfunction, which can be closely associated with the timing of both leaf phenology and xylogenesis. Nevertheless, we still know little about the potential differences in the intra-annual process of xylogenesis among species of the three functional groups as well as its association with leaf phenology. Here, we monitored leaf phenology and xylogenesis in a non-porous (Pinus), a diffuse-porous (Populus), and a ring-porous (Ulmus) temperate tree species in a common garden. The results showed clear divergences in leaf and cambium phenologies and their chronological orders among the three species. The two hardwood species exhibited earlier bud burst and leaf unfolding than the conifer. The cambial activity of the ring-porous species began earlier than the diffuse-porous species, although the leaf phenology of the diffuse-porous species was earlier. The conifer species showed the latest bud break but the initiation of cambium activity was the earliest, which can be attributed to its strong resistance to freezing-induced embolism in the tracheid-based xylem. The leaf phenology preceded the onset of cambial activity in the Populus species, which was permitted by the ability of diffuse-porous species in largely retaining the stem hydraulic function over the winter. In contrast, the Ulmus species with ring-porous wood had to restore its severely hampered stem hydraulic function by winter embolism before leaf flush. The results revealed that leaf and cambium phenologies are closely interconnected due to the coordination between xylem water transport and leaf water demand. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the divergent adaptive strategies of temperate trees with different wood types.
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spelling doaj-art-a886e776b37a4fb0a21127ffe3a87d4f2025-08-20T02:00:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-03-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15628731562873Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulicsAi-Ying Wang0Ai-Ying Wang1Si-Qi Li2Si-Qi Li3Han-Xiao Cui4Han-Xiao Cui5Ya-Nan Liu6Ya-Nan Liu7Yi-Jun Lu8Yi-Jun Lu9Guang-You Hao10College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaLeaf and cambium phenologies are both important aspects of tree environmental adaptation in temperate areas. Temperate tree species with non-porous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous woods diverge substantially in the strategy of coping with freezing-induced hydraulic dysfunction, which can be closely associated with the timing of both leaf phenology and xylogenesis. Nevertheless, we still know little about the potential differences in the intra-annual process of xylogenesis among species of the three functional groups as well as its association with leaf phenology. Here, we monitored leaf phenology and xylogenesis in a non-porous (Pinus), a diffuse-porous (Populus), and a ring-porous (Ulmus) temperate tree species in a common garden. The results showed clear divergences in leaf and cambium phenologies and their chronological orders among the three species. The two hardwood species exhibited earlier bud burst and leaf unfolding than the conifer. The cambial activity of the ring-porous species began earlier than the diffuse-porous species, although the leaf phenology of the diffuse-porous species was earlier. The conifer species showed the latest bud break but the initiation of cambium activity was the earliest, which can be attributed to its strong resistance to freezing-induced embolism in the tracheid-based xylem. The leaf phenology preceded the onset of cambial activity in the Populus species, which was permitted by the ability of diffuse-porous species in largely retaining the stem hydraulic function over the winter. In contrast, the Ulmus species with ring-porous wood had to restore its severely hampered stem hydraulic function by winter embolism before leaf flush. The results revealed that leaf and cambium phenologies are closely interconnected due to the coordination between xylem water transport and leaf water demand. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the divergent adaptive strategies of temperate trees with different wood types.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1562873/fullcambial phenologyleaf phenologywinter embolismxylem formationxylogenesis
spellingShingle Ai-Ying Wang
Ai-Ying Wang
Si-Qi Li
Si-Qi Li
Han-Xiao Cui
Han-Xiao Cui
Ya-Nan Liu
Ya-Nan Liu
Yi-Jun Lu
Yi-Jun Lu
Guang-You Hao
Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
Frontiers in Plant Science
cambial phenology
leaf phenology
winter embolism
xylem formation
xylogenesis
title Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
title_full Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
title_fullStr Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
title_full_unstemmed Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
title_short Divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
title_sort divergence in leaf and cambium phenologies among three temperate tree species of different wood types with special reference to xylem hydraulics
topic cambial phenology
leaf phenology
winter embolism
xylem formation
xylogenesis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1562873/full
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