Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions

The present research deals with the processing of the additively manufactured Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) under dry and lubricated cutting conditions, focusing on the generated surface roughness. The cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were selected as the continuous variables. A compar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Anastasios Tzotzis, Nikolaos Efkolidis, Kai Cheng, Panagiotis Kyratsis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Lubricants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/63
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849720030686609408
author Anastasios Tzotzis
Nikolaos Efkolidis
Kai Cheng
Panagiotis Kyratsis
author_facet Anastasios Tzotzis
Nikolaos Efkolidis
Kai Cheng
Panagiotis Kyratsis
author_sort Anastasios Tzotzis
collection DOAJ
description The present research deals with the processing of the additively manufactured Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) under dry and lubricated cutting conditions, focusing on the generated surface roughness. The cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were selected as the continuous variables. A comparison between the generated surface roughness of the dry and the lubricated cuts revealed that the presence of coolant contributed towards reducing surface roughness by more than 20% in most cases. Next, a regression analysis was performed with the obtained measurements, yielding a robust prediction model, with the determination coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> being equal to 94.65%. It was determined that feed and the corresponding interactions contributed more than 45% to the model’s <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>, followed by the depth of cut and the machining condition. In addition, the cutting speed was the variable with the least effect on the response. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (NSGA-II) was employed to identify the front of optimal solutions that consider both minimizing surface roughness and maximizing Material Removal Rate (MRR). Finally, a set of extra experiments proved the validity of the model by exhibiting relative error values, between the measured and predicted roughness, below 10%.
format Article
id doaj-art-a87d2394e1c8433db4f56a24e125c3bd
institution DOAJ
issn 2075-4442
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Lubricants
spelling doaj-art-a87d2394e1c8433db4f56a24e125c3bd2025-08-20T03:12:02ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-02-011326310.3390/lubricants13020063Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated ConditionsAnastasios Tzotzis0Nikolaos Efkolidis1Kai Cheng2Panagiotis Kyratsis3Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kila Kozani, GreeceDepartment of Product and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kila Kozani, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UKDepartment of Product and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kila Kozani, GreeceThe present research deals with the processing of the additively manufactured Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) under dry and lubricated cutting conditions, focusing on the generated surface roughness. The cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were selected as the continuous variables. A comparison between the generated surface roughness of the dry and the lubricated cuts revealed that the presence of coolant contributed towards reducing surface roughness by more than 20% in most cases. Next, a regression analysis was performed with the obtained measurements, yielding a robust prediction model, with the determination coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> being equal to 94.65%. It was determined that feed and the corresponding interactions contributed more than 45% to the model’s <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>, followed by the depth of cut and the machining condition. In addition, the cutting speed was the variable with the least effect on the response. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (NSGA-II) was employed to identify the front of optimal solutions that consider both minimizing surface roughness and maximizing Material Removal Rate (MRR). Finally, a set of extra experiments proved the validity of the model by exhibiting relative error values, between the measured and predicted roughness, below 10%.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/63additive manufacturingCFRPflooded coolingmachiningNSGA-IIPET-G
spellingShingle Anastasios Tzotzis
Nikolaos Efkolidis
Kai Cheng
Panagiotis Kyratsis
Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
Lubricants
additive manufacturing
CFRP
flooded cooling
machining
NSGA-II
PET-G
title Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
title_full Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
title_fullStr Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
title_short Multiple Regression Analysis and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Optimization of Machining Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Parts Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
title_sort multiple regression analysis and non dominated sorting genetic algorithm ii optimization of machining carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol parts fabricated via additive manufacturing under dry and lubricated conditions
topic additive manufacturing
CFRP
flooded cooling
machining
NSGA-II
PET-G
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/63
work_keys_str_mv AT anastasiostzotzis multipleregressionanalysisandnondominatedsortinggeneticalgorithmiioptimizationofmachiningcarbonfiberreinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalateglycolpartsfabricatedviaadditivemanufacturingunderdryandlubricatedconditions
AT nikolaosefkolidis multipleregressionanalysisandnondominatedsortinggeneticalgorithmiioptimizationofmachiningcarbonfiberreinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalateglycolpartsfabricatedviaadditivemanufacturingunderdryandlubricatedconditions
AT kaicheng multipleregressionanalysisandnondominatedsortinggeneticalgorithmiioptimizationofmachiningcarbonfiberreinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalateglycolpartsfabricatedviaadditivemanufacturingunderdryandlubricatedconditions
AT panagiotiskyratsis multipleregressionanalysisandnondominatedsortinggeneticalgorithmiioptimizationofmachiningcarbonfiberreinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalateglycolpartsfabricatedviaadditivemanufacturingunderdryandlubricatedconditions