Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have significantly reduced human and economic losses. Nevertheless, vaccine hesitancy remains a major issue in many countries, including Germany. Recent studies have shown that public health framing and incentives can boost immunization rates. However, availab...
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23279-x |
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| author | Sebastian Jäckle James K. Timmis |
| author_facet | Sebastian Jäckle James K. Timmis |
| author_sort | Sebastian Jäckle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have significantly reduced human and economic losses. Nevertheless, vaccine hesitancy remains a major issue in many countries, including Germany. Recent studies have shown that public health framing and incentives can boost immunization rates. However, available evidence is fragmented and inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of different framing messages, types of incentives, and the size of financial incentives across different populations. Methods This randomized, controlled survey experiment elicited the attitudes of 6,685 Germans towards 4 financial/non-financial SARS-CoV-2 immunization incentives (food voucher, football tickets, participation in lottery, immediate monetary compensation), and tested whether framing (individual/collective, health/economic consequences) affected said attitudes. We assigned participants to five study arms (control: no frame; experiment: 1 of 4 frames) and measured attitudes towards immunization incentives, and the amount of monetary compensation deemed appropriate, should such an incentive be considered. Results While > 75% of our sample considered all 4 incentives to be not meaningful, all frames increased favorable views towards the financial incentives lottery/money and the average amount deemed acceptable for immediate monetary compensation. Interaction models showed that all frames have similar effects across core subgroups, e.g. age-cohorts, gender, vaccine doses. Conclusions Across a sample of 6,685 Germans, we show that 4 different frames detailing the potential individual/collective consequences of COVID-19 have very similar effects on attitudes towards monetary incentives for SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Our results suggest that the existence of frames rather than specific narratives is key to increasing favorable views towards immunization incentives. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a86fc906307a4bfea47e19cff8dff593 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-a86fc906307a4bfea47e19cff8dff5932025-08-20T03:10:41ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-06-0125111710.1186/s12889-025-23279-xEconomic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experimentSebastian Jäckle0James K. Timmis1Department of Political Science, University of FreiburgDepartment of Political Science, University of FreiburgAbstract Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have significantly reduced human and economic losses. Nevertheless, vaccine hesitancy remains a major issue in many countries, including Germany. Recent studies have shown that public health framing and incentives can boost immunization rates. However, available evidence is fragmented and inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of different framing messages, types of incentives, and the size of financial incentives across different populations. Methods This randomized, controlled survey experiment elicited the attitudes of 6,685 Germans towards 4 financial/non-financial SARS-CoV-2 immunization incentives (food voucher, football tickets, participation in lottery, immediate monetary compensation), and tested whether framing (individual/collective, health/economic consequences) affected said attitudes. We assigned participants to five study arms (control: no frame; experiment: 1 of 4 frames) and measured attitudes towards immunization incentives, and the amount of monetary compensation deemed appropriate, should such an incentive be considered. Results While > 75% of our sample considered all 4 incentives to be not meaningful, all frames increased favorable views towards the financial incentives lottery/money and the average amount deemed acceptable for immediate monetary compensation. Interaction models showed that all frames have similar effects across core subgroups, e.g. age-cohorts, gender, vaccine doses. Conclusions Across a sample of 6,685 Germans, we show that 4 different frames detailing the potential individual/collective consequences of COVID-19 have very similar effects on attitudes towards monetary incentives for SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Our results suggest that the existence of frames rather than specific narratives is key to increasing favorable views towards immunization incentives. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23279-xVaccine uptakeFramingCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Immunization incentives |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Jäckle James K. Timmis Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment BMC Public Health Vaccine uptake Framing COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Immunization incentives |
| title | Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment |
| title_full | Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment |
| title_fullStr | Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment |
| title_short | Economic and health consequence frames affect COVID-19 vaccine incentive attitudes in Germany– a survey based framing experiment |
| title_sort | economic and health consequence frames affect covid 19 vaccine incentive attitudes in germany a survey based framing experiment |
| topic | Vaccine uptake Framing COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Immunization incentives |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23279-x |
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