Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors
Abstract Background Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While extensively studied in North America and Europe, data from the Asia-Pacific are limited. An important area of research is the difference in trauma outcomes, which are theoretically note...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-025-01342-1 |
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| author | Mohamad Iqhbal Bin Kunji Mohamad Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin Norhaiza Ahmad Arifah Bahar Zarina Mohd Khalid Nuraina Aqilah Binti Mohd Zaki Nurul Azlean Norzan Sang Do Shin Goh E. Shaun Wen-Chu Chiang Kentaro Kajino Kyoung Jun Song Do Ngoc Son |
| author_facet | Mohamad Iqhbal Bin Kunji Mohamad Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin Norhaiza Ahmad Arifah Bahar Zarina Mohd Khalid Nuraina Aqilah Binti Mohd Zaki Nurul Azlean Norzan Sang Do Shin Goh E. Shaun Wen-Chu Chiang Kentaro Kajino Kyoung Jun Song Do Ngoc Son |
| author_sort | Mohamad Iqhbal Bin Kunji Mohamad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While extensively studied in North America and Europe, data from the Asia-Pacific are limited. An important area of research is the difference in trauma outcomes, which are theoretically noted to be better among females. However, the clinical findings are inconclusive among Asians. This study examines sex-based differences in trauma outcomes in Asia Pacific, focusing on in-hospital mortality and functional recovery at discharge. Methods This observational study, from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS), included 76,645 trauma patients from 12 Asian Pacific countries. We analysed in-hospital mortality and functionality at discharge using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Logistic regression models were built to test the association of sex on the outcomes. Results Males exhibited higher in-hospital mortality (1.6%) compared to females (1.06%) ( p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression models showed that the female sex is not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Females have a better functional outcome at discharge for patients younger than 50 years with ISS < 16. However, no significant differences existed between those > 50 years and ISS > 15. Conclusion This study indicates no difference in the general trauma outcomes in the Asia Pacific between females and males. Although younger females with less severe injuries had better functional outcomes, this advantage disappeared in severe injuries and those over 50 years. These results align with some previous studies, and understanding the nuances may lead to more tailored trauma care, potentially improving patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a86d816e87b04c36b7639e65bd98c187 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1757-7241 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-a86d816e87b04c36b7639e65bd98c1872025-08-20T03:41:47ZengBMCScandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine1757-72412025-02-0133111010.1186/s13049-025-01342-1Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factorsMohamad Iqhbal Bin Kunji Mohamad0Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin1Norhaiza Ahmad2Arifah Bahar3Zarina Mohd Khalid4Nuraina Aqilah Binti Mohd Zaki5Nurul Azlean Norzan6Sang Do Shin7Goh E. Shaun8Wen-Chu Chiang9Kentaro Kajino10Kyoung Jun Song11Do Ngoc Son12Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UITM Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan HospitalFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UITM Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan HospitalDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaUTM-Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaEmergency and Trauma Department, Sungai Buloh HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalEmergency Department, Woodlands Health CampusDepartment of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical CenterCenter for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai HospitalAbstract Background Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While extensively studied in North America and Europe, data from the Asia-Pacific are limited. An important area of research is the difference in trauma outcomes, which are theoretically noted to be better among females. However, the clinical findings are inconclusive among Asians. This study examines sex-based differences in trauma outcomes in Asia Pacific, focusing on in-hospital mortality and functional recovery at discharge. Methods This observational study, from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS), included 76,645 trauma patients from 12 Asian Pacific countries. We analysed in-hospital mortality and functionality at discharge using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Logistic regression models were built to test the association of sex on the outcomes. Results Males exhibited higher in-hospital mortality (1.6%) compared to females (1.06%) ( p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression models showed that the female sex is not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Females have a better functional outcome at discharge for patients younger than 50 years with ISS < 16. However, no significant differences existed between those > 50 years and ISS > 15. Conclusion This study indicates no difference in the general trauma outcomes in the Asia Pacific between females and males. Although younger females with less severe injuries had better functional outcomes, this advantage disappeared in severe injuries and those over 50 years. These results align with some previous studies, and understanding the nuances may lead to more tailored trauma care, potentially improving patient outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-025-01342-1Trauma mortalityAsian femalesGlasgow outcome scaleModified Rankin’s scaleTrauma in-hospital mortalityTrauma sex differences |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Iqhbal Bin Kunji Mohamad Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin Norhaiza Ahmad Arifah Bahar Zarina Mohd Khalid Nuraina Aqilah Binti Mohd Zaki Nurul Azlean Norzan Sang Do Shin Goh E. Shaun Wen-Chu Chiang Kentaro Kajino Kyoung Jun Song Do Ngoc Son Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Trauma mortality Asian females Glasgow outcome scale Modified Rankin’s scale Trauma in-hospital mortality Trauma sex differences |
| title | Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors |
| title_full | Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors |
| title_fullStr | Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors |
| title_short | Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors |
| title_sort | trauma outcomes differences in females a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the asia pacific region and the contributing factors |
| topic | Trauma mortality Asian females Glasgow outcome scale Modified Rankin’s scale Trauma in-hospital mortality Trauma sex differences |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-025-01342-1 |
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