Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches

Abstract Background Police cadets undergo persistent and elevated stress due to continuous training and evaluation. Identifying resilience and risk factors in this population can thus crucially inform management decisions within the police force. Here, in two large cohorts of police cadets (n = 1069...

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Main Authors: Macià Buades-Rotger, Ana Martínez Catena, Guillermo Recio, Mireia Cano Gallent, Jordi Niñerola i Maymí, Anna Figueras Masip, David Gallardo-Pujol
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Health & Justice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00351-7
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author Macià Buades-Rotger
Ana Martínez Catena
Guillermo Recio
Mireia Cano Gallent
Jordi Niñerola i Maymí
Anna Figueras Masip
David Gallardo-Pujol
author_facet Macià Buades-Rotger
Ana Martínez Catena
Guillermo Recio
Mireia Cano Gallent
Jordi Niñerola i Maymí
Anna Figueras Masip
David Gallardo-Pujol
author_sort Macià Buades-Rotger
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Police cadets undergo persistent and elevated stress due to continuous training and evaluation. Identifying resilience and risk factors in this population can thus crucially inform management decisions within the police force. Here, in two large cohorts of police cadets (n = 1069, 30% women and n = 1377, 35% women) we investigated whether broad personality traits could predict internalizing symptoms (somatization, depression, and anxiety) as well as mental health-related quality of life (MHRQoL). Moreover, we compared seven popular artificial intelligence and linear regression models (Elastic Net, General Linear Model, Lasso Regression, Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Support Vector Regression) in predicting MHRQoL as a function of all other variables. Results A Random Forest accounted for about half of the observed variance in MHRQoL, and outperformed all other models by up to 12% in an out-of-sample cross-validation. In all analyses, emotional stability emerged as the primary personality trait linked to MHRQoL, with anxiety and somatization symptoms partially mediating this relationship. Conclusions Our findings delineate the personality factors that best predict internalizing symptoms and MHRQoL among cadets, and tentatively suggest that Random Forest models might be a powerful forecasting tool in police management.
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spelling doaj-art-a850f26b7e5b4483b5787dabed6d63252025-08-20T04:01:25ZengBMCHealth & Justice2194-78992025-07-0113111410.1186/s40352-025-00351-7Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approachesMacià Buades-Rotger0Ana Martínez Catena1Guillermo Recio2Mireia Cano Gallent3Jordi Niñerola i Maymí4Anna Figueras Masip5David Gallardo-Pujol6University of BarcelonaUniversity of BarcelonaUniversity of BarcelonaInstitut de Seguretat Pública de CatalunyaInstitut de Seguretat Pública de CatalunyaInstitut de Seguretat Pública de CatalunyaUniversity of BarcelonaAbstract Background Police cadets undergo persistent and elevated stress due to continuous training and evaluation. Identifying resilience and risk factors in this population can thus crucially inform management decisions within the police force. Here, in two large cohorts of police cadets (n = 1069, 30% women and n = 1377, 35% women) we investigated whether broad personality traits could predict internalizing symptoms (somatization, depression, and anxiety) as well as mental health-related quality of life (MHRQoL). Moreover, we compared seven popular artificial intelligence and linear regression models (Elastic Net, General Linear Model, Lasso Regression, Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Support Vector Regression) in predicting MHRQoL as a function of all other variables. Results A Random Forest accounted for about half of the observed variance in MHRQoL, and outperformed all other models by up to 12% in an out-of-sample cross-validation. In all analyses, emotional stability emerged as the primary personality trait linked to MHRQoL, with anxiety and somatization symptoms partially mediating this relationship. Conclusions Our findings delineate the personality factors that best predict internalizing symptoms and MHRQoL among cadets, and tentatively suggest that Random Forest models might be a powerful forecasting tool in police management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00351-7
spellingShingle Macià Buades-Rotger
Ana Martínez Catena
Guillermo Recio
Mireia Cano Gallent
Jordi Niñerola i Maymí
Anna Figueras Masip
David Gallardo-Pujol
Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
Health & Justice
title Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
title_full Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
title_fullStr Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
title_full_unstemmed Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
title_short Personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets: a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
title_sort personality predicts internalizing symptoms and quality of life in police cadets a comparison of artificial intelligence and parametric approaches
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-025-00351-7
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