Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity

Abstract β-lactamases confer bacteria resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and interestingly, this protective effect can extend to neighboring susceptible cells. However, knowledge of this cooperative resistance remains limited. Here, we investigated the underlying factors of cooperative resistance t...

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Main Authors: Qinqin Wang, Shaodong Wei, Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08392-2
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author Qinqin Wang
Shaodong Wei
Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
author_facet Qinqin Wang
Shaodong Wei
Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
author_sort Qinqin Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract β-lactamases confer bacteria resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and interestingly, this protective effect can extend to neighboring susceptible cells. However, knowledge of this cooperative resistance remains limited. Here, we investigated the underlying factors of cooperative resistance to assess commonalities and differences among the highly diverse group of β-lactamases. We first analyzed β-lactamase genes from 2637 Escherichia coli genomes, followed by experimental characterization of seven prevalent β-lactamase genes. Larger plasmids, particularly conjugative ones, commonly encoded β-lactamases. All seven genes had strong wildtype promoters, and plasmid-based expression rescued more susceptible bacteria than chromosomal expression. Cooperative resistance positively correlated with β-lactamase activity and minimal inhibitory concentrations. Cross-protection could be established between different β-lactamase producers, challenging the effectiveness of therapies combining β-lactams. Extracellular activity varied among β-lactamases and, when high, resulted in a legacy resistance effect in the environment. These findings advance our understanding of β-lactam resistance and highlight important implications for antibiotic treatment strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-a8421c5a4d95463c873c835c903897ea2025-08-20T03:03:45ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-07-01811910.1038/s42003-025-08392-2Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activityQinqin Wang0Shaodong Wei1Jonas Stenløkke Madsen2Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkSection of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenAbstract β-lactamases confer bacteria resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and interestingly, this protective effect can extend to neighboring susceptible cells. However, knowledge of this cooperative resistance remains limited. Here, we investigated the underlying factors of cooperative resistance to assess commonalities and differences among the highly diverse group of β-lactamases. We first analyzed β-lactamase genes from 2637 Escherichia coli genomes, followed by experimental characterization of seven prevalent β-lactamase genes. Larger plasmids, particularly conjugative ones, commonly encoded β-lactamases. All seven genes had strong wildtype promoters, and plasmid-based expression rescued more susceptible bacteria than chromosomal expression. Cooperative resistance positively correlated with β-lactamase activity and minimal inhibitory concentrations. Cross-protection could be established between different β-lactamase producers, challenging the effectiveness of therapies combining β-lactams. Extracellular activity varied among β-lactamases and, when high, resulted in a legacy resistance effect in the environment. These findings advance our understanding of β-lactam resistance and highlight important implications for antibiotic treatment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08392-2
spellingShingle Qinqin Wang
Shaodong Wei
Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
Communications Biology
title Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
title_full Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
title_fullStr Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
title_full_unstemmed Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
title_short Cooperative resistance varies among β-lactamases in E. coli, with some enabling cross-protection and sustained extracellular activity
title_sort cooperative resistance varies among β lactamases in e coli with some enabling cross protection and sustained extracellular activity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08392-2
work_keys_str_mv AT qinqinwang cooperativeresistancevariesamongblactamasesinecoliwithsomeenablingcrossprotectionandsustainedextracellularactivity
AT shaodongwei cooperativeresistancevariesamongblactamasesinecoliwithsomeenablingcrossprotectionandsustainedextracellularactivity
AT jonasstenløkkemadsen cooperativeresistancevariesamongblactamasesinecoliwithsomeenablingcrossprotectionandsustainedextracellularactivity