Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands

Road irregularities generate vibrations that are transmitted to cyclists’ hands. This paper describes a purpose-designed laboratory setup and data processing method to assess vibration-induced numbness and discomfort. The rear wheel of a road bike was coupled with a smart trainer for indoor cycling,...

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Main Authors: Flavia Marrone, Nicole Sanna, Giacomo Zanoni, Neil J. Mansfield, Marco Tarabini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4708
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author Flavia Marrone
Nicole Sanna
Giacomo Zanoni
Neil J. Mansfield
Marco Tarabini
author_facet Flavia Marrone
Nicole Sanna
Giacomo Zanoni
Neil J. Mansfield
Marco Tarabini
author_sort Flavia Marrone
collection DOAJ
description Road irregularities generate vibrations that are transmitted to cyclists’ hands. This paper describes a purpose-designed laboratory setup and data processing method to assess vibration-induced numbness and discomfort. The rear wheel of a road bike was coupled with a smart trainer for indoor cycling, while the front wheel was supported by a vibrating platform to simulate road–bike interaction. The vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) is measured in the fingers, and a questionnaire was used to assess the discomfort in different parts of the hand using a unipolar scale. To validate the method, ten male volunteers underwent two one-hour cycling sessions, one for each of the two handlebar designs tested. VPT was measured in the index and little fingers of the right hand at 8 and 31.5 Hz before and after each session, while the discomfort questionnaire was completed at the end of each session. The discomfort scores showed a strong inter-subject variability, indicating the necessity to combine them with the objective measurements of the VPT, which is shown to be sensitive in identifying the perception shift due to vibration exposure and the differences between the fingers. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for assessing hand numbness and discomfort in cyclists.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-a83b79a2ee964e7e97529eabde428d0f2025-08-20T03:36:23ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012515470810.3390/s25154708Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ HandsFlavia Marrone0Nicole Sanna1Giacomo Zanoni2Neil J. Mansfield3Marco Tarabini4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, ItalyRoad irregularities generate vibrations that are transmitted to cyclists’ hands. This paper describes a purpose-designed laboratory setup and data processing method to assess vibration-induced numbness and discomfort. The rear wheel of a road bike was coupled with a smart trainer for indoor cycling, while the front wheel was supported by a vibrating platform to simulate road–bike interaction. The vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) is measured in the fingers, and a questionnaire was used to assess the discomfort in different parts of the hand using a unipolar scale. To validate the method, ten male volunteers underwent two one-hour cycling sessions, one for each of the two handlebar designs tested. VPT was measured in the index and little fingers of the right hand at 8 and 31.5 Hz before and after each session, while the discomfort questionnaire was completed at the end of each session. The discomfort scores showed a strong inter-subject variability, indicating the necessity to combine them with the objective measurements of the VPT, which is shown to be sensitive in identifying the perception shift due to vibration exposure and the differences between the fingers. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for assessing hand numbness and discomfort in cyclists.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4708numbnessdiscomfortcyclist palsycyclinghandlebarhand-transmitted vibration (HTV)
spellingShingle Flavia Marrone
Nicole Sanna
Giacomo Zanoni
Neil J. Mansfield
Marco Tarabini
Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
Sensors
numbness
discomfort
cyclist palsy
cycling
handlebar
hand-transmitted vibration (HTV)
title Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
title_full Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
title_fullStr Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
title_full_unstemmed Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
title_short Method for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists’ Hands
title_sort method for assessing numbness and discomfort in cyclists hands
topic numbness
discomfort
cyclist palsy
cycling
handlebar
hand-transmitted vibration (HTV)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4708
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