Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Steel Slag–Slag–Desulfurization Gypsum Ternary Solid Waste Cementitious Material Based on Principal Component Analysis
Leveraging industrial solid waste for the production of cementitious materials holds the potential to curtail the consumption of traditional cement. Orthogonal tests were conducted to investigate the effects of five factors, namely, steel slag–slag mass ratio, desulfurization gypsum content, water g...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/4/645 |
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| Summary: | Leveraging industrial solid waste for the production of cementitious materials holds the potential to curtail the consumption of traditional cement. Orthogonal tests were conducted to investigate the effects of five factors, namely, steel slag–slag mass ratio, desulfurization gypsum content, water glass modulus, alkali content, and water–binder ratio, on the working performance, mechanical properties, and durability of alkali-activated ternary solid waste cementitious materials. Grey correlation degree (GCD) analysis was employed to investigate the impact of different factors on performance, while the micro-reaction mechanism was elucidated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to conduct dimensionality reduction on the fluidity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and 28-day drying shrinkage of the cementitious materials for assessing the comprehensive performance of the ternary solid waste cementitious material. The highest score was achieved with a steel slag mass ratio of 1:2, a desulfurization gypsum content of 10%, a water glass modulus of 1.0, an alkali content of 3%, and a water–binder ratio of 0.4 due to the excellent properties of the resulting materials, which made them suitable for a wide range of engineering applications. A comprehensive performance evaluation model of ternary solid waste cementitious materials was developed via the principal component regression (PCR) method. Ettringite and CaSO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O generated after adding desulfurization gypsum can significantly improve the specimens’ early strength, with the desulfurization gypsum content being the key influencing factor. The dry shrinkage of this ternary solid waste cementitious material was affected by various factors and showed no significant correlation with the mass loss rate. |
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| ISSN: | 2075-5309 |