Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Perinatal insomnia and depression significantly impact maternal-infant health, but their co-developing trajectories are poorly understood. This study examines their heterogeneous progression, interrelationships, and predictive factors across the perinatal period. Methods This was...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xinlong Pan, Yang Chen, Chunli Chen, Jianfei Chen, Jiarun Wang, Yujia Chen, Wei Zhang, Jiaxin Wu, Wenhui Liu, Zhijie Zou, Luyang Zhu, Xiaoli Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07649-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849309801954148352
author Xinlong Pan
Yang Chen
Chunli Chen
Jianfei Chen
Jiarun Wang
Yujia Chen
Wei Zhang
Jiaxin Wu
Wenhui Liu
Zhijie Zou
Luyang Zhu
Xiaoli Chen
author_facet Xinlong Pan
Yang Chen
Chunli Chen
Jianfei Chen
Jiarun Wang
Yujia Chen
Wei Zhang
Jiaxin Wu
Wenhui Liu
Zhijie Zou
Luyang Zhu
Xiaoli Chen
author_sort Xinlong Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Perinatal insomnia and depression significantly impact maternal-infant health, but their co-developing trajectories are poorly understood. This study examines their heterogeneous progression, interrelationships, and predictive factors across the perinatal period. Methods This was part of a mother-infant cohort study conducted in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Pregnant women were enrolled (N = 1034) at early pregnancy (< 14 weeks) from July 2022 to September 2023. The perinatal depressive symptoms, insomnia severity, anxiety symptoms, and social capital were reassessed at 5-time points from enrollment (T0) to 6 months postpartum using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Personal Social Capital Scale 16, respectively. The follow-up time points were 16–20 weeks of gestation (T1), 28–36 weeks of gestation (T2), six weeks postpartum (T3) and six months postpartum (T4), respectively. Group-based trajectory modelling and binary logistic regression modelling were used to analyze the data (n = 436). Results We identified three trajectories for perinatal insomnia and depression symptoms. Insomnia: no insomnia (27.7%), subclinical (54.5%), clinical (17.8%). Depression: low-stable (38.7%), moderate-stable (43.9%), high-improving (17.4%). The dual trajectory analysis revealed significant co-occurrence patterns between insomnia and depression trajectories (p < 0.001). Members of the high-improving depression group were more likely to have clinical insomnia trajectories. Baseline ISI ≥ 8, EPDS ≥ 10, and PRAQ ≥ 24 predicted the higher trajectories of perinatal insomnia and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Perinatal insomnia and depression follow three distinct but interrelated trajectories, identifiable through early screening. Risk-stratified interventions should consider their co-occurrence patterns to optimize outcomes.
format Article
id doaj-art-a8346436be4e429ab5b4d58c8a620145
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2393
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
spelling doaj-art-a8346436be4e429ab5b4d58c8a6201452025-08-20T03:53:57ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-05-0125111310.1186/s12884-025-07649-2Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort studyXinlong Pan0Yang Chen1Chunli Chen2Jianfei Chen3Jiarun Wang4Yujia Chen5Wei Zhang6Jiaxin Wu7Wenhui Liu8Zhijie Zou9Luyang Zhu10Xiaoli Chen11School of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversityGuangzhou Huanan Business CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversityAbstract Background Perinatal insomnia and depression significantly impact maternal-infant health, but their co-developing trajectories are poorly understood. This study examines their heterogeneous progression, interrelationships, and predictive factors across the perinatal period. Methods This was part of a mother-infant cohort study conducted in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Pregnant women were enrolled (N = 1034) at early pregnancy (< 14 weeks) from July 2022 to September 2023. The perinatal depressive symptoms, insomnia severity, anxiety symptoms, and social capital were reassessed at 5-time points from enrollment (T0) to 6 months postpartum using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Personal Social Capital Scale 16, respectively. The follow-up time points were 16–20 weeks of gestation (T1), 28–36 weeks of gestation (T2), six weeks postpartum (T3) and six months postpartum (T4), respectively. Group-based trajectory modelling and binary logistic regression modelling were used to analyze the data (n = 436). Results We identified three trajectories for perinatal insomnia and depression symptoms. Insomnia: no insomnia (27.7%), subclinical (54.5%), clinical (17.8%). Depression: low-stable (38.7%), moderate-stable (43.9%), high-improving (17.4%). The dual trajectory analysis revealed significant co-occurrence patterns between insomnia and depression trajectories (p < 0.001). Members of the high-improving depression group were more likely to have clinical insomnia trajectories. Baseline ISI ≥ 8, EPDS ≥ 10, and PRAQ ≥ 24 predicted the higher trajectories of perinatal insomnia and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Perinatal insomnia and depression follow three distinct but interrelated trajectories, identifiable through early screening. Risk-stratified interventions should consider their co-occurrence patterns to optimize outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07649-2Dual trajectoryGroup-based trajectoryInsomniaPerinatal depressionSocial capital
spellingShingle Xinlong Pan
Yang Chen
Chunli Chen
Jianfei Chen
Jiarun Wang
Yujia Chen
Wei Zhang
Jiaxin Wu
Wenhui Liu
Zhijie Zou
Luyang Zhu
Xiaoli Chen
Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Dual trajectory
Group-based trajectory
Insomnia
Perinatal depression
Social capital
title Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
title_full Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
title_short Dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
title_sort dual trajectory of insomnia and depressive symptoms in women from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum a prospective cohort study
topic Dual trajectory
Group-based trajectory
Insomnia
Perinatal depression
Social capital
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07649-2
work_keys_str_mv AT xinlongpan dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT yangchen dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT chunlichen dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT jianfeichen dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT jiarunwang dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT yujiachen dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT weizhang dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT jiaxinwu dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT wenhuiliu dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT zhijiezou dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT luyangzhu dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy
AT xiaolichen dualtrajectoryofinsomniaanddepressivesymptomsinwomenfromearlypregnancyto6monthspostpartumaprospectivecohortstudy